Introduction. Regenerative medicine is a promising and actively developing scientific area. Of particular interest are studies related to the mechanisms of biological drug action, a particular focus being on secretomes. The term “secretomes” refers to numerous cytokines, growth factors, and other proteins and peptides that are secreted by cells and regulate biological processes. Most published literature on biologi-cal effects of individual cytokines and cell secretomes during reparative regeneration processes have been carried out in vitro. Studies describing morphological control, i.e. assessing structural changes in tissue and identifying the key processes influenced by cytokines during regeneration, are scarce, and further research is needed. This article presents the results of evaluating the reparative corneal regeneration with secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and methods. We divided guinea pigs (N=30) into three groups (experimental, comparison, and control). Under isoflurane anesthesia, each animal received a mechanical corneal defect 5 mm in diameter affecting 2/3 of the cornea in depth. We observed the animals and performed daily ophthalmological examinations. Animals were sacrificed on days 1, 5, 11, and 28 after the manipulation with an overdose of anesthesia. Then, we performed histological and micromorphometric evaluation. Results. We revealed that under the influence of cytokines, corneal regeneration was with less pronounced inflammation and exudation. The restoration of corneal curvature was full whereas that of corneal transparency was partial. Microscopic examination of the samples obtained from the animals of the experimental group showed that they had a lower inflammatory cell response, earlier epithelialization, restored thickness of the regenerate, and less scar-like tissue formation in the cornea than those in the comparison and control groups. We observed the appearance of hypovascular and avascular foci in the structure of the regenerate connective tissue, which may be associated with the remodeling process. This factor may also be responsible for the observed partial restoration of corneal transparency. Conclusion. The secret of stem cells has a positive effect on the healing of corneal wounds. The inflammation is moderate. The corneal regenerate is of nubecula type; corneal transparency is partially restored. Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, secretome, cytokines, cornea, wound, reparative regeneration
Evaluation of the role of corneal neovascularization is very important due to a large number of diseases and various effects of exogenous and endogenous factors inducing angiogenesis. Despite the large number of keratopathies accompanied by angiogenesis, ulcerative processes remain the most common cause of vascular growth in stroma. The variety of symptoms accompanying corneal ulcer, as well as the difference in both volume and depth of the corneal lesion dictates the need to assess the value of vascularization in ulcerative lesions of the cornea in small domestic animals. The objects of the study were 317 animals, including 157 cats and 160 dogs. The animals were admitted to the Department of Diseases of small pets of the Department of Veterinary Surgery of Moscow State Academy of Veterinarian medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin. All animals underwent ophthalmological examination with magnifying glass, a slit lamp, and corneal staining with sodium fluorescein to detect the diameter and depth of the defect. Ulcerative keratitis or corneal ulcer was diagnosed. The severity of the disease and its courses were established to realize the purpose of the study. The symptoms of corneal ulcers were different, including: blepharospasm, mucous, mucopurulent or purulent discharge from the conjunctival cavity, edema and hyperemia of the conjunctiva, infiltration by leukocytes at the site of the ulcer, the diameter of the lesion was from ¼ of the area of the cornea to total, the depth from damage to the multilayer squamous epithelium to a perforated ulcer, myosis, hypopion were observed from the uveal tract or a hyphae. In most cases, vascularization accompanied ulcerative processes in the cornea. It was superficial or mixed. Assessing the role of vascularization in the development of ulcerative processes in the cornea, we attach the great importance to barrier the pathological focus, preserve the integrity of the eye, as well as predict the outcome of the ulcerative process.
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