The research features communicative behavior of the logical-grammatical category of predicativity, its realization in speech, and field organization of the sentence in the modern German language. The study is focused on the means that shape the periphery of the predicative field. The subject of the study is the categorical meaning of predicativity, which considers any linguistic phenomenon from its meaning (attributive meaning) to its form (explicit and implicit ways of expressing predicativity) and is based on such abstract linguistic predicative unit as the predicative sign. The authors pay particular attention to such syncretic means of implicit predicativeness as close explicative syntagm, compound words (copulative and determinative composites) on the periphery of the predicative field. By applying the extrapolation method of the predicativity test to the level of these structures, the authors have revealed a "collapsed" predicative core, a kind of predicative "ellipse": a two-step transformation that allows one to unfold a predicative "ellipse" into a "nuclear" sentence. The results obtained can be used in theoretical grammar and lexicology.
The research features the structures interpreted by many modern linguists as apposition. The spectrum of such structures is wide and varied. The identification of the relevant attributes of the category of apposition in the modern German language makes it possible to differentiate apposition from adjacent and similar syntactic formations. The main feature of apposition, which reflects their specificity, is the identical denotative correlation of the components. In the structural aspect, there are two models of apposition – free and connected ones. The main criteria for dividing apposition constructions into free and associated ones are the ability of the apposition group to expand and the intonational design, i.e. a merged or punctuated intonation. A separate version of the application fully meets the main feature of the apposition. An analysis of the structures attributable to the group of the associated application made it possible to narrow the group of apposition constructions. The author used the method of component elimination. The structural formula of a bound apposition (N-N in a monoflective) became the basis for the formation of structures with a different semantics from the apposition.
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