No abstract

Excessive poorly differentiated epitheliocytes were detected in the crypts and subepithelial regions of the colorectal mucosa during the regeneration process in the majority of patients with diverticular disease. The compensatory reaction of the sigmoid mucosa decreased, which was seen from rarely detected cryptic hyperplasia. Disorders in the epitheliocyte proliferation and differentiation were paralleled by changes in tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines (elevation of TNF-α and IFN-γ and reduction of IL-1β and IL-8) and increase of IL-4, regulating lymphocyte activation.

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The paper highlights modern views on the metabolism of vitamin D in the human body. The analysis of the literature data on the mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the pathological processes occurring in the skin with psoriasis is carried out. It is known that psoriasis is associated with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. There is a direct correlation between a decrease in vitamin D levels and an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular mortality, including in patients with psoriasis. Data on the possibility of using vitamin D in dermatology are presented. Based on international and Russian clinical recommendations, the place of oral colecalciferol preparations in the prevention and correction of vitamin D deficiency and deficiency has been determined. The use of oral vitamin D for the simultaneous treatment of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We analysed the international and domestic recommendations for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, the use of which makes the oral administration of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) optimal for the treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency, as the results of several studies showed a higher efficacy of vitamin D3 vs vitamin D2. Vitamin D3 is found in vitamin D-fortified foods and is available as dietary supplements and drugs. The bioavailability of vitamin D in dietary supplements may differ depending on the used vehicle substance.

Рак прямой кишки занимает одно из лидирующих мест в структуре смертности у представителей обоих полов, при этом единственным радикальным методом лечения остается хирургическое вмешательство. Для планирования оперативного лечения важной является оценка метастатического поражения локорегионарных лимфатических узлов, что является важным предиктором возникновения рецидива заболевания. Эффективность и достоверность дооперационного определения метастатического поражения регионарных лимфоузлов при нижнеампулярном раке прямой кишки существенным образом возросла после внедрения в клиническую практику магнитно-резонансной томографии с применением диффузионно-взвешенных изображения и неионного парамагнетика.Статья посвящена проблемам дооперационного стадирования и определению метастазов в регионарных параректальных лимфатических узлах путем сопоставления результатов МРТ -исследования с контрастным усилением и МРТ с ДВИ в диагностике метастаз-положительных локорегионарных лимфоузлов, сравнения с данными гистологического исследований интраоперационного материала.Ключевые слова: рак нижнеампулярного отдела прямой кишки, магнитно-резонансная томография, метастазы, лимфоузлы SummaryRectal cancer is one of the leaders in the structure of mortality in both sexes, with the only radical method of treatment is surgery. For the planning of surgical treatment, it is important to assess the metastatic lesion of the locoregional lymph nodes, which is an important predictor of the recurrence of the disease. The effi ciency and accuracy of the preoperative