MgSO4 application showed significant influence on productivity and quality of safflower. Among the various treatments tested, application of MgSO4 @ 750 ppm at bud initiation (BI) and flower initiation (FI) recorded the higher seed yield (1143 kg/ha). The higher volume weight (728.4g/l) and 100 seed weight (6.04 g) was also observed under the same treatment. The effect of MgSO4 @ 750 ppm at BI and FI was also found significantly superior in terms of SPAD index, RLWC, LAI on A and leaf area. Application of MgSO4 @ 500 ppm was statistically at par with MgSO4 @ 750 ppm at BI and FI in many other parameters under study. Numerically higher net monitory returns (Rs. 17667/ha) and B: C ratio (2.14) was realized with application of MgSO4 @ 750 ppm at BI and FI.
Three fertility gradient stripes were created in Incep-tisols of Odisha by applying no fertilizer, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and double the RDF and paddy was grown during kharif, 2013. These three stripes were subdivided into 24 sub-plots and black gram was grown with different graded doses of fertilizers and manure during rabi, 2013-14. Initial and post-harvest soil nutrient status, nutrient uptake, nutrient requirement, soil efficiency, fertilizer efficiency and yield data were recorded. The highest yield (12.09 q ha-1) was achieved with 30 : 50 : 50 (N : P 2 O 5 : K 2 O). On the basis of these data, fertilizer prescription equations were formulated for targeted yield of black gram in Inceptisols of Odisha.
The recent impact of climate change influencing insect-pest incidence in important dry land crops revealed that incidence of insect-pests during last decade viz., sorghum shoot fly (5-13% dead hearts), stem borer (2-10% dead hearts), delphacids (4-5 to 12-15 Nos./ shoot/plant) increased, respectively. Sunflower bud necrosis was increased from 4-5% to 9-10% whereas on safflower the occurrence of three new emerging pests viz., leaf eating caterpillar, stem borer and stem fly was also noticed to the extent of 15-18% infestation. Castor semi-looper and capsule borer were increased respectively @ 3-6 larvae/leaf/plant to 9-10 larvae/leaf/plant and 8-10% capsule damage to 12-15% capsule damage. The congenial climate condition required for the survival and development of sorghum shoot fly is min. 22 0 C and max. 37 0 C temp., RH-I 44% and RH-II 93%, stem borer min. 19 0 C and max. 36 0 C temp., RH-I 38% and RH-II 94%, delphacids min. 18 0 C and max. 30 0 C temp., RH-I 35% and RH-II 75%, safflower aphid min. 10 0 C and max. 28 0 C temp., RH-I 40% and RH-II 60%, safflower caterpillar min. 19 0 C and max. 33 0 C temp., RH-I 50% and RH-II 80%, chickpea pod borer min. 20 0 C and max. 35 0 C temp. with cloudy and hot weather, sunflower bihar hairy caterpillar min. 22 0 C and max. 34 0 C temp, pigeon pea pod borer min. 30 0 C and max. 33 0 C temp. and castor semi-looper min. 22 0 C and max. 35 0 C temp., RH-I 50% and RH-II 73%.
: A field experiment on 'organic farming' in safflower was conducted at Dry Farming Research Station (DFRS), Solapur for five years (2009-10 to 2013-14) with the objective to explore the possibilities of substituting chemical inputs through organic source and to evaluate its effect on nutrient uptake. Well decomposed farm yard manure, vermicompost, neem seed cake, Azotobacter, Tricoderma and neem seed kernel extract were used as organic inputs. While, urea, SSP, dimethoate and arbendezim were used as synthetic sources of inputs. Significantly higher seed yield (1189 kg ha
The field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2014 and 2015 with the objective to develop the relationship between radiation interception and dry matter production in groundnut. The experiment composed of three dates of sowing and four irrigation regimes. Early sowing in 7 th MW and irrigation of 100 % of CPE through microsprinkler significantly increased absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. The radiation use efficiency showed increasing trend with advancement in crop age up to peg formation, thereafter, it was declined towards physiological maturity. Higher RUE was recorded under 7 th MW till peg formation. Higher values of fraction of PAR intercepted were recorded under groundnut sown at MW 7. The crop received higher irrigation showed significantly higher radiation interception. It was in the order of 100 % of CPE> 80 % of CPE > 1.0 IW/CPE> 60 % of CPE.
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