Chlorpyrifos is a highly toxic organophosphate compound. It is still among the most widely used insecticide, and the main mechanism of its toxicity is associated with inhibition of cholinesterases. A long with the anticholinesterase action, CPF may affect other biochemical mechanisms, particularly through disrupting pro-and antioxidant balance and inducing free-radical oxidative stress.We studied the action of A and E vitamins on the basic haematological and biochemical parameters of rat peripheral blood after 12 hours of a single chlorpyrifos intoxication. Exposure to 70 mg/kg chlorpyrifos caused a decrease in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and total haemoglobin content. We also observed a decrease in the acid haemolysis resistance of RBCs in peripheral blood of CPF-poisoned rats. Combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and vitamins A and E caused changes in haemolysis resistance of RBCs, approaching the control values. In addition, it was found that chlorpyrifos intoxication disrupt prooxidant-antioxidant balance as evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation products: lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. However, administration of vitamins A and E during intoxication provided levelling effect on the formation of lipid peroxidation products. CPF intoxication caused an increase of the catalase activity, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and the content of reduced glutathione decreased. It was revealed that combination of vitamins A and E cause corrective effect at the platelets quantity, and lipid hydroperoxides thiobarbituric acid reactive substances amount of rat peripheral blood.
The aim of this study was to investigate how chronic low-dose chlorpyrifos exposure of female Wistar rats before and during pregnancy affects behavioural parameters in their offspring. Four months before pregnancy, we exposed three groups of rats to chlorpyrifos doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg kg -1 body weight every day for 30 days, whereas one group received a single 30 mg kg -1 dose on gestational day 6. When the offspring of the exposed rats grew up, we studied their anxiety rate, motor activity, and cognitive abilities using the respective behavioural tests: open field test, dark/light box, and the extrapolation escape test. The offspring of rats exposed before pregnancy had significantly higher activity rate than controls, and even showed motor agitation and hyperactivity signs. The offspring of rats exposed to the single dose had difficulties solving the extrapolation escape test and showed poorer short-and long-term memory performance. This confirmed that even pre-pregnancy chlorpyrifos exposure can cause neurobehavioral consequences in offspring. Even though the mechanisms of the observed changes remain unclear and need further investigation, these data seem alarming and may serve as an important argument for revising the terms of safe pesticide use.
Інститут біології тварин НААН, вул. В. Стуса, 38, м. Львів, 79034, Україна Хлорпірифос (ХПФ) 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg, via oro-gastric tube. In intoxicated females decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase and increased alkaline phosphatase activity (which is characteristic of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds) were found, as well as some decrease in
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