Rapid advancements in Software Verification and Validation have been critical in the wide development of tools and techniques to identify potential Concurrent bugs and hence verify the software correctness. A concurrent program has multiple processes and shared objects. Each process is a sequential program and they use the shared objects for communication for completion of a task. The primary objective of this survey is retrospective review of different tools and methods used for the verification of real-time concurrent software. This paper describes the proposed tool 'F-JAVA' for multithreaded Java codebases in contrast with existing 'FRAMA-C' platform, which is dedicated to real-time concurrent C software analysis. The proposed system is comprised of three layers, namely Programming rules generation stage, Verification stage with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Performance measurement stage. It aims to address some of the challenges in the verification process such as larger programs, long execution times, and false alarms or bugs, and platform independent code verification

Many technologies have been and are being implemented to make the microgrid model successful in many cities. It is incapable of reaching the scale as predicted because of several obstacles. Smart Nano-grid will cover these lacunae and requirements. The paper illustrates the value of nano-grids in the launch of smart cities by examining the progress of nano and microgrids, alternative energy storage technologies, energy applications, smart gadgets in smart cities. The survey also addressed the implementation challenges associated with a technical and economical point of view. This will provide a wider vision for the researchers to focus on the monitoring and control of nano-grid technologies.

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