The purpose of the research was to study the feasibility of using different balancing feed additives in the rations of young ruminants and cattle. In order to achieve this purpose, two scientific and farm experiments were conducted on the development and use of balancing additives in the rations of young ruminants and cattle. The first experiment was carried out in the Volgograd region on the herd of sheep of Volgograd breed in the IE FARM Kushkalova A. B., the second was carried out in in the Voronezh region on heifers of Holstein breed on the basis of the Korshevo livestock complex OOO EkoNivaAgro. In the first experiment the sheep of the control group were fed a general economic ration, the animals of the 1st experimental group were input with a mineral balancing feed additive instead of the mineral part of the ration recipe No. 1, the 2nd experimental group with the recipe No. 2 and the 3rd experimental group with the recipe No. 3. In the second experiment heifers from the 14th day of life received premix P-62–1 as part of the compound feed, the young cattle of the experimental group as part of the starter feed were replaced with premix P-62-1 with MegamixNoris. After 6 months, the animals of the control group received premix P-63-1 as part of the ration, and the heifers of experimental group received premix MegamixVitulaOpti. The inclusion of the mineral complex in the ration of sheep of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups contributed to an increase in the digestibility coefficients. Thus, the digestibility of dry matter was higher than that of analogues from the control by 1,03; 0,59 and 0,21 abs.%, organic matter by 1,95; 1,80 and 1,59 abs.%, crude protein by 1,15; 0,97 and 0,84 abs.%, crude fiber by 1,09; 0,62 and 0,23 abs.%. The nitrogen digestibility in them was higher from the taken by 1,12, 0,79 and 0,63 abs.% and from the digested by 1,18, 0,73 and 0,61 abs.%. The young sheep of the experimental groups significantly exceeded the analogues from the control in live weight at the age of 8 months by 1,82–6,93 %. The input of the tested premixes into the ration of heifers allowed to increase the digestibility of dry matter by 1,29 abs.%, organic matter by 2,26 abs.%, crude protein by 2,54 abs.%, crude fat by 4,18 abs.%, crude fiber by 3,15 abs.%, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 4,16 abs.%. Nitrogen assimilation from the intake increased by 2,18 abs.%. At the same time, the live weight of heifers was increased by 10,37 % compared to analogues from the control group.
Poultry farming in the Russian Federation is one of the key branches of animal husbandry, providing the population with dietary and high-calorie food products such as meat and eggs. In this regard, the production of the maximum amount of competitive high-quality products is possible only under conditions that take into account the biological characteristics of the poultry, its physiological state, the type of productivity and the infl uence of environmental factors on it. The main factor in increasing the productivity of poultry is a rational and balanced feeding system. In the feeding of poultry, the search for new alternative feed sources is promising in the fi eld of feeding. One of such non–traditional feed sources is the product of processing amaranth seeds into oil as amaranth cake. We carried out scientifi c and production experiments at the Research center for the safety and eff ectiveness of feed and additives at the Volgograd State Agrarian University on broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308 and laying hens of the cross Hisex Brown. The poultry of the control group, both in the fi rst and in the second experiments received compound feed with sunfl ower presscake, and in the diet of poultry of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups 50, 75 and 100 % sunfl ower presscake was replaced with amaranth presscake. Replacing sunfl ower presscake with amaranth presscake in compound feed for broiler chickens allowed to increase the live weight by 2,15–5,26 %, increase the slaughter yield of carcasses by 0,15 -0,29 abs.% and reduce feed expenditures per unit of live weight gain by 2,08–4,98 %. The inclusion of amaranth presscake instead of sunfl ower presscake in the formula of compound feed for laying hens allowed to increase the number of laid eggs by 0,52–1,54 % and their weight by 0,50–1,45 %, while there was a decrease in the expenditures of feed for 10 pieces of eggs and 1 kg of egg mass by 0,75–1,50 % and 0,93–2,80 %. Thus, the replacement of sunfl ower presscake with amaranth presscake in compound feed for laying hens and broiler chickens had a positive infl uence on the productive parameters of poultry.
Recently, the oil processing industry has been actively developing in the Lower Volga region, the by-products of which are presscake and extracted meal. The purpose of our research was to study the infl uence of feeding local non-traditional feed sources as part of compound feed on the live weight of broiler chickens and rainbow trout. Studies on broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308 were carried out at the Research Center for the safety and eff ectiveness of feed and Additives of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. The chickens of the control group received compound feed with sunfl ower presscake, and in the diet of poultry of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups sunfl ower presscake was replaced with amaranth presscake – 50, 75 and 100 %, respectively. Scientifi c and economic experiment on the study of the possibility of including protein concentrate Gorlinka in compound feed for rainbow trout was carried out at the enterprise SO Kalmykova I. O. The fi sh of the control group received compound feed with sunfl ower extracted meal, and individuals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received compound feed, in which sunfl ower extracted meal was replaced by Gorlinka concentrate – 50, 75 and 100 %, respectively, by groups. It was concluded on the base of conducted studies that the introduction of amaranth presscake into the formula of compound feed had a positive eff ect on the meat productivity of broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308. So, during the period of the experiment the live weight of poultry was increased by 2,15–5,26 %, and the slaughter yield increased to 0,29 abs.%. The use of mustard protein-containing concentrate Gorlinka in compound feed for rainbow trout contributed to the increase in the total live weight gain by 2,83–6,93 %.
The main grain feeds for animals in our country are still corn, wheat and barley. It is known that animals and poultry are competitors to humans in terms of grain consumption. Therefore, it is currently relevant in the fi eld of mono-gastric animals feeding to search for non-traditional feed sources. One of these is sorghum grain. The purpose of the work was to increase the live weight of young pigs when using low-cost compound feed with sorghum. We carried out a scientifi c and economic experiment at the LLC “TOPAGRO” enterprise in the Volgograd region on young pigs of three-breed hybrids. The animals of the control group received an farm diet with corn, and in the diet of the animals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, 50, 75 and 100 % of corn was replaced with sorghum. In the feeding diet of pigs, partial or complete replacement of corn grain with sorghum of the variety Kamyshinskoe 75 contributed to an increase in the digestibility of nutrients compared with the indicators of analogues of the control group. The live weight of pigs on 119 days of experiment in the 1st experimental group was by 1,77 % higher than the control group, in the 2nd experimental group by 3,09 % (P > 0,95) and in the 3rd experimental group by 2,66 kg than in the control group. Control slaughter of animals has shown that the slaughter yield in the experimental groups was higher than in the control group from 0,53 to 0,91 abs.%. Thus, the replacement of corn grain with sorghum in the diets of pigs of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups positively aff ected the digestibility of nutrients of compound feed and meat productivity of pigs.
Corn, wheat and barley remain important sources of nutrients and energy in the diets of farm animals and poultry. According to statistics in the feed factories are allocated up to 45 % to corn, about 35 % to wheat, 25,5 % to barley. In this regard, the task of more appropriate use of the abovementioned grains and the search for alternative feed sources has appeared. In the Volgograd region sorghum of the variety Kamyshinskoe 75 is successfully grown, which is not inferior to corn in nutritional value. The purpose of the work was to increase the productive traits of farm animals and poultry when using sorghum as part of diets. A series of experiments was carried out on sheep of Volgograd breed under the conditions of the IFof the farm Abdalvagapov M. A., young pigs of three-breed hybrids at the LLC “TOPAGRO” enterprise, broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308 in the SRC Effi ciency and Safety of feed and Feed additives of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. The animals and poultry of the control groups were received the main diet with corn, and in the diet of animals and poultry of the experimental groups a complete replacement of corn with sorghum was made. Sorghum compared with corn was characterized by a predominant content of crude protein by 1,74 abs.%, crude ash by 0,38 abs.% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 0,12 abs.%. At the end of the studies on sheep (age 120 days) in the experimental group the live weight was 35,19 kg, which was higher than in the control by 2,83 % (P > 0,99). The live weight of young pigs at the end of the experiment was 129,95 kg or 2,66 % more than in the control group. Broiler chickens from the control group weighed 2198,36 g by the age of 35 days and by 0,9 % more then in the experimental group. Thus, the complete replacement of corn grain by sorghum in the diets of experimental animals and poultry had a positive eff ect on their growth rate.
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