This work analyses the reflectance of silicon photodiodes as a function of incident beam polarization, angles of incidence and acceptance, and thickness of the passivating layer. The contributions of these effects to the polarization sensitivity of real trap devices are considered. An analytical model is used to calculate changes in responsivity due to polarization in traps with angular misalignments and traps constructed from different types of silicon photodiode. The results show that sensitivity to polarization should be considered when high-accuracy measurements are required.
The colonization of unoccupied territory by invading species, known as range expansion, is a spatially heterogeneous non-equilibrium growth process. We introduce a two-species Eden growth model to analyze the interplay between uni-directional (irreversible) mutations and selection at the expanding front. While the evolutionary dynamics leads to coalescence of both wild-type and mutant clusters, the non-homogeneous advance of the colony results in a rough front. We show that roughening and domain dynamics are strongly coupled, resulting in qualitatively altered bulk and front properties. For beneficial mutations the front is quickly taken over by mutants and growth proceeds Edenlike. In contrast, if mutants grow slower than wild-types, there is an antagonism between selection pressure against mutants and growth by the merging of mutant domains with an ensuing absorbing state phase transition to an all-mutant front. We find that surface roughening has a marked effect on the critical properties of the absorbing state phase transition. While reference models, which keep the expanding front flat, exhibit directed percolation critical behavior, the exponents of the two-species Eden model strongly deviate from it. In turn, the mutationselection process induces an increased surface roughness with exponents distinct from that of the classical Eden model.
Eine Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Signals der NH ‐Gruppe in den H‐NM R‐ Spektren der Hydrochloride (I)‐(V) wird als Folge des Auftretens von N+‐H "C1" ‐Assoziaten interpretiert.
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