Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by an implicitly environmentally gracious route using Acanthospermum hispidum aqueous leaves extract at room temperature reported. This approach is facile, swift, cost-effective and stable for a long time, reproducible at room temperature and in an eco-friendly manner to obtain a self-assembly of AgNPs. These fabricated AgNPs were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope with selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential, photoluminescence with fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and surface area with porosity studies of synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda curve. Besides, these AgNPs displayed antibacterial, antifungal antimycobacterial and antimalarial activity against some bacterial pathogens. From the outcomes obtained it is suggested that AgNPs could be used effectively in future nanobiotechnology and medical concerns.

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A highly efficient, eco‐friendly, recyclable heterogeneous ZnFe2O4 nanocatalyzed synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐substituted 1,4‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐3‐carbonitrile (4a‐j) derivatives via one pot multicomponent reaction of benzimidazole (1), substituted aromatic aldehyde (2a‐j) and malononitrile (3) under ultrasonic irradiations. Significance of this synthetic approach is short reaction time, easy handling, simplicity, efficiency, high yield, and recoverable catalyst.

In this study, spinel zinc chromite nanorods (ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs) were successfully manipulated by a simple sol-gel auto combustion process employing urea as fuel. The sample was only required to sinter at 500 °C for 2 h to obtain the single crystalline phase. The phase formation, crystallinity, and surface topography of synthesized ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy (UVDRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). XRD analysis confirms the formation of spinel ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs. The FTIR spectrum displays the two vibrational peaks of Cr–O, and Zn–O at 489 and 615 cm –1 , correspondingly. These vibrational bonds were correlated with ZnCr 2 O 4 and revealed the production of cubic spinel ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs. FESEM indicates the presence of hexagonal-rod-shaped particles. EDX spectrum demonstrates the elemental composition of the ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs and confirms the primary peak of Zn, Cr, and O. The obtained ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs exhibit an antiferromagnetic behavior. The bandgap energy of ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs was ascertained and was shown to be 3.45 eV. Furthermore, the antifungal and antibacterial effect of ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs was examined against pathogenic strains by disc diffusion technique. Besides these, the antimalarial activity of ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs was studied against Plasmodium falciparum . Thus, the as-synthesized ZnCr 2 O 4 NRs showed significant antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activity and may be helpful for research opening a novel horizon in nanomedicine. Graphical abstract

Semiconductive nanometer-size material ZnCo 2 O 4 was synthesized by a solution combustion reaction of inorganic reagents of Zn(NO 3) 3. 6H 2 O, Co(NO 3) 3 .6H 2 O and glycine as a fuel. The process was a convenient, environment friendly, inexpensive and efficient preparation method for the ZnCo 2 O 4 nanomaterial. The synthesized materials were characterized by TG/DTA, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM. Conductance responses of the nanocrystalline ZnCo 2 O 4 thick film were measured by exposing the film to reducing gases like Acetone, Ethanol and CO 2. It was found that the sensors exhibited various sensing responses to these gases at different operating temperature. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited a fast response and a good recovery. The results demonstrated that ZnCo 2 O 4 can be used as a new type of gas-sensing material which has a high sensitivity and good selectivity to Ethanol 200 ppm.

Semiconductive nanometer-sized NdVO 4 was synthesized by a solution combustion reaction of Nd(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O, V(NO 3 ) 3 and urea as a fuel. The process was a convenient, environment friendly, inexpensive and efficient preparation method for the NdVO 4 nanomaterial. Effects of the 800 • C calcining temperature on the phase constituents was characterized by TG-DTA, X-ray diffraction (XRD), which was used to confirm the material's structure. The as-prepared samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to depict the crystallite microstructure. Conductance responses of the nanocrystalline NdVO 4 thick film were measured by exposing the film to reducing gases like acetone, ethanol, ammonia (NH 3 ), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It was found that the sensors exhibited various sensing responses to these gases at different operating temperatures. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited a fast response and a good recovery. The results demonstrated that NdVO 4 can be used as a new type of gas-sensing material which has a high sensitivity and good selectivity to Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

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