The steady trend of complication of mining and geological factors in underground coal mining and at the same time the processes of mining intensification cause growth of dynamic manifestations of natural factors of mining, such as sudden coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, rock collapses, leading to gas and dust explosions and fires. This requires developing the models of different phenomena manifestation risks, which enable improving the process safety of a mining enterprise. In this study, based on the methodology of aerological risk assessment in coal mines, a structural analysis of aerological risks was carried out. The criteria of hazard of mining-geological and mine engineering factors and vulnerability of schemes and methods of ventilation, ventilation facilities, and main fans were developed. A hierarchical structure of aerological risks of higher ranks was developed. The presented risk structure allows determining the area of superposition of hazards of coal mining and vulnerability of ventilation systems for each mine and its individual facilities, as well as quantifying these areas in the form of aerological risks. The ranges of aerological risk values of higher ranks for super-category mines and mines hazardous by sudden coal and gas outbursts for different ventilation modes were established. The presented methodology enables forecasting and reducing aerological risks in course of designing, operation, liquidation, and conservation of coal mines.
Complex development of dense urban underground space puts forward a number of requirements that must be taken into account when planning, designing and building, because underground structures under construction and in operation are high-risk areas and, in the event of an accident, pose a serious danger to the people in them. The purpose of the risk control system for the construction and operation of underground structures in megacities is to ensure the successful functioning of urban systems in conditions of risk and uncertainty. In the event of an emergency, the implementation of risk control measures should ensure that the adverse impact caused by accidental events on the successful operation of megacity facilities is minimized. The article considers the functional risk control system in urban underground construction, presents an analysis and classification of risk-forming factors that affect the environmental and technological safety of urban underground space development. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of risk development were identified. The main requirements and principles of forming a risk control system for the development of urban underground space are formulated.
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