A comprehensive investigation on the solubility and mass transfer coefficient enhancement of lauric acid through hydrotropy has been undertaken. The solubility and mass transfer studies were carried out using hydrotropes such as sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium p-xylene sulfonate and sodium p-toluene sulfonate under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K). The effectiveness of hydrotropes was measured in terms of Setschnew constant K s and reported for all hydrotropes used in this study. The solubility data are also fitted in a polynomial equation as the function of hydrotrope concentration.
The effect of hydrotropes such as sodium salicylate, sodium benzoate, and nicotinamide on the solubility and mass transfer coeffi cient of benzoic acid has been investigated. The solubility studies were carried out under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303K to 333K). It has been observed that the solubility and mass transfer coeffi cient of benzoic acid increases with an increase in hydrotrope concentration and also with system temperature. A Minimum Hydrotrope Concentration (MHC) was found essential to initiate a signifi cant increase in the solubility and the mass transfer coeffi cient. The maximum enhancement factor (φ s ), which is the ratio of the solubility value in the presence and absence of a hydrotrope, has been determined for all sets of experimentations. The solubility of benzoic acid has been enhanced to 19.98 times in the presence of 2.5 mol/L concentration of sodium salicylate hydrotrope at 333K.The effectiveness of hydrotropes was measured in terms of Setschenow constant K s and the highest value has been observed as 0.502 for sodium salicylate.
The effect of hydrotropes potassium p-toluene sulfonate (KPTS), citric acid, and nicotinamide on the solubility and mass-transfer coefficient of 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (alizarin) was studied. Solubility studies were carried out under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol Á L À1 ) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K). It was observed that the solubility and mass-transfer coefficient of alizarin increases with an increase in hydrotrope concentration and system temperature. The maximum enhancement factor, the ratio of the value of solubility in the presence and absence of a hydrotrope, was determined for all experiments under study. The effectivity of hydrotropes was measured by the determination of the Setschenow constant, K s . The order of effectiveness of various hydrotropes based on K s values is potassium p-toluene sulfonate > citric acid > nicotinamide.
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