Irrigation water is many a time contaminated with physical, chemical and biological impurities. Proper filtration is of paramount importance to prevent clogging in drip irrigation system thereby aiding in reduced maintenance of the micro irrigation system. This study was conducted on Development and Evaluation of Low cost filters in the Network project on “Engineering Interventions in Micro Irrigation Systems (MIS) for improving water productivity” under Consortia Research Platform on Farm Mechanization and Precision Farming during 2018 to 2020. The objectives of the study are to develop low cost filters and to test the developed system in the field for efficiency in terms of pressure drop throughout discharge and quality of output. It was observed that the discharge from the filter increases as the time increases. Pressure drop and head loss in the filter system increases with flow rate. Filtration efficiency is a percentage of sand particles divided by the TSS removed by the filter. Efficiency of the filter increased from 25% to 64% (double chamber filter) and 23% to 62% (single chamber filter) with flow range of 5 m3/h to 30 m3/h. As flow rate increases, soil particles retained and efficiency of the filter increased with increase in head loss. Filter materials and screen filter removed the sand particles effectively. Uniformity coefficient of 0.95 was observed in single chamber filter which is suitable for small farm application.
Home automation using Internet of Things is full of automation and the human being’s life is getting easier as almost everything is systematic by replacing the conventional/manual systems. Recent days, the internet is the mixed part of every human life to gather the knowledge of technology. Internet of things provides a source the devices to connect, sensed by sensors and controlled by remote across a grid infrastructure. Various kind of sensors are designed to meet the need of Home automation such as flame sensor, gas sensor, touch sensor, soil moisture sensor, Infrared sensor where it is connected with Arduino board and it automatically controls the environment. Infrared Sensor is used to find the movement of objects and is used in home automation for example we can use infrared sensor in car shed to monitor the car activities. Based on the car motion we can use infrared sensor. Infrared sensor is used to sense the car movement based on the movement light is automatically changed into on condition and if there is no movement the light turns into off condition. The Arduino board have microcontroller to control all the process occurred in home and it can be sensed by the various sensor and it can be alert to the owner by mail or any other process. The results are obtained with the help of Arduino Software and Arduino UNO for all the sensors.
The present study attempted to find out the relation between rainfall variability, trend and distribution in Dindigul district of Amaravathi basin for groundwater management. A detailed analysis of monthly, seasonal and spatial variation of rainfall for the study area had carried out. The normal annual rainfall of the district varies from 700 to 1600 mm. The north east monsoon contributed the maximum rainfall of 439mm (50%), followed by South-west monsoon which contributed 254 mm (29%), summer which contributed 147 mm (16.8%) and winter contributed the minimum rainfall of 26.8 mm (2.8%). A high value of CV had observed in all the stations, which indicate the greater rainfall variability, and more chances of occurrence of drought. Higher variability of coefficient of variation was observed in central part of the district.The result of MMK z-test at 1% level indicates that the majority of stations showed non-significant trend in annual, summer and monsoon season of rainfall. Out of the 13 stations studied in the district, annual rainfall of only one station (Kuthiraiyar) showed significant decreasing trend in annual rainfall (-3.05 mm/year) and five stations recorded the significant decreasing trend in rainy days during southwest monsoon. Chatrapatti and Natham stations recorded the significant increasing trend during north east monsoon and Virupatchi station recorded the decreasing trend.
Subirrigation system can furnish water to plants. The upward flux and the discharge rate must satisfy the plant’s lifesaving irrigation needs during summer. The experiment was laid out in A-block of Eastern farm, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu. Subirrigation system spacing was arrived using Moody's equation calculated as 10 m. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design with three replications. Four drain spacing levels (7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 m) were the main plot treatments and two levels of depth and diameter of drain pipes (75 cm, 60 cm & 75 mm, 63 mm) were the sub plot treatments. The highest volumetric water content was recorded in 7.5 m spacing + 45 cm soil depth + lower reach (S1T3T1). Capillary rise on water table management system under subirrigation mode was fixed as 33.5 cm and the average deep percolation loss was obtained in 0.3 cm/d at development stage of crop period. The highest maize yield (4.30 t/ha) was obtained in 7.5 m spacing + 60 cm drain depth + 75 mm diameter (S1D3). The highest water use efficiency of (0.86 kg/m3) was recorded in 7.5 m spacing + 60 cm drain depth + 75 mm drain diameter (S1D3). This subirrigation system could furnish water to plants due to upward flux and the same system also functioned efficiently under drainage modes and removed the waterlogging during wet periods.
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