This paper focuses on the integration of multi-sensor techniques regarding the acquisition, processing, visualisation and management of data regarding historic stone structures. The interdisciplinary methodology that is carried out here comprises of two parts. In the first part, the acquisition of qualitative and quantitative data concerning the geometry, the materials and the degradation of the tangible heritage asset each time, is discussed. The second part, refers to the analysis, management and visualization of the interrelated data by using spatial information technologies. Through the paradigm of the surveying of the ancient temple of Pythian Apollo at Acropolis of Rhodes, Rhodes Island, Greece, it is aimed to highlight the issues deriving from the separate application of documentation procedures and how the fusion of these methods can contribute effectively to ensure the completeness of the measurements for complex structures. The surveying results are further processed to be compatible and integrated with GIS. Also, the geometric documentation derivatives are combined with environmental data and the results of the application of non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques in situ and analytical techniques in lab after sampling. GIS operations are utilized to document the building materials but also to model and to analyse the decay extent and patterns. Detailed surface measurements and geo-processing analysis are executed. This integrated approach, helps the assessment of past interventions on the monument, identify main causes of damage and decay, and finally assist the decision making on the most compatible materials and techniques for protection and restoration works.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Archaeology as a science is based on finding and displaying the remains of the past. In recent years, with the progress of technology, the science of archeology has been expanding and evolving. Three-dimensional digitization has become an integral part of the archiving, documentation and restoration effort of cultural heritage, offering important benefits in studies for reconstruction and restoration tasks of architectural creations, archaeological sites, historic monuments and objects of art in general. The three-dimensional models are now available for many applications. In this paper such 3D models of two prominent Macedonian tombs in Northern Greece were exploited for their virtual restoration. Virtual restoration of monuments is of special importance to archaeological research, as it provides the necessary tools to investigate alternative solutions to the serious issue of archaeological restoration. These solutions do not interfere with the real monument, thus respecting its value and the international conventions. Digital 3D models have begun to be more beneficial in a science such as archaeology as they offer easy access to both archaeological and geometric information to a wider audience as well as a high degree of interaction possibilities with the user.</p>
Highlights: Use of contemporary digital methods for the 3D geometric documentation of complex burial structures. Interdisciplinary approach to implement digital techniques for 3D modelling, including 3D terrestrial laser scanning and image-based modelling. Implementation of virtual anastylosis by archaeologists using the 3D models and suitable software. Abstract:Archaeological restoration of monuments is a practice requiring extreme caution and thorough study. Proceeding to restoration or to reconstruction actions without detailed consultation and thought is normally avoided by archaeologists and conservation experts. Nowadays, anastylosis executed on the real object is generally prohibited. Contemporary technologies have provided archaeologists and other conservation experts with the tools to embark on virtual restorations or anastyloses, thus testing various alternatives without physical intervention on the monument itself. In this way, the values of the monuments are respected according to international conventions. In this paper, two examples of virtual archaeological anastyloses of two important Macedonian tombs in northern Greece are presented. The anastyloses were performed on three-dimensional (3D) models which have been produced using modern digital 3D documentation techniques, such as image-based modelling and terrestrial laser scanning. The reader is introduced to the history and importance -as well as the peculiarities-of the Macedonian tombs. In addition, the two tombs are described in detail mainly from an archaeological point of view. The procedure of field data acquisition and processing to produce the 3D models is described. Simple and standard methods were employed in acquiring the raw data. Processing was carried out using commercial software. The resulting 3D models and other documentation products have been assessed for their accuracy and completeness. The decisions for the virtual anastylosis are explained in detail and the procedure is also described. The restored monuments are presented and evaluated by the conservation experts. Thus, it is shown how important virtual anastylosis of monuments is to archaeology researchers, as it enables them to conduct in-depth studies, without actually tampering with the monuments themselves. Digital 3D models are contributing to many disciplines, especially in archaeology; they enable a wider audience to easily access both archaeological and geometric information, also offering the user a high degree of interaction possibilities. Resumen:La restauración arqueológica de monumentos es una práctica que requiere extrema precaución y un estudio exhaustivo. Los arqueólogos y expertos en conservación evitan normalmente proceder a la restauración y a las acciones de reconstrucción sin reflexión y una consulta detallada. Actualmente, la ejecución de anastilosis sobre el objeto real está generalmente prohibida. Las tecnologías contemporáneas han proporcionado las herramientas a los arqueólogos y otros expertos en conservación para embarcarse en restauraciones v...
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The detailed and thorough documentation of monuments is a rather complex process that requires the application of the best available state of the art techniques in order to preserve, restore, promote and make cultural heritage accessible to the public. This paper presents the 3D Geometric Documentation of a part of the medieval fortress of Chios, focussing in particular on the practical challenges which the object presented. The case study is a part of the fortified construction, consisting of a bastion, a watch tower on top of this bastion and a significant part of its walls with a surface of about 1053<span class="thinspace"></span>m<sup>2</sup> in total. The goal of the survey was to produce an accurate 3D detailed textured model and a series of coloured orthophotos and 2D vector drawings. The documentation methods employed included close-range automated photogrammetry and image-based modelling, terrestrial laser scanning and topographic surveys, an ideal combination of methods.</p>
Abstract. The aim of the present paper is the geometric documentation of the church of St Spyridon using modern digital methods of data collection and processing. The church is located in the Medieval City of Rhodes and the residues of several different historical phases found in the church prove the rarity and the amount of alterations it underwent over the years.Geodetic measurements, laser scanning and acquisition of photographic data were performed, in order to construct the 3D model of the church. 23 drawings were drafted at a scale of 1:50, including horizontal sections, exterior and vertical sections. The projected information of each drawing is described with the help of the corresponding orthophotographs. Moreover, the three-dimensional photorealistic model (textured model) of the church was created, as well as a stereoscopic video and interactive virtual tour, via the 3DHOP platform.
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