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We have investigated the optical conductivity of the spin/charge "stripe” order phase in La1.6 − xNd0.4SrxCuO4 in the microwave and the infrared regions. The in-plane conductivity is appreciably suppressed with respect to the spectrum for the Nd-free crystal over a wide frequency range of up to 8000 cm−1. The suppression persists even at room temperature, indicating a strong fluctuation of this order. Nevertheless, the spectrum is basically metallic without showing a gap associated with charge order. It was found that the magnetic penetration depth is extremely long in the superconducting state which coexists with the static spin/charge order.

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Quantification of DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3a2, and Dnmt3L in isolated male gonocytes in day 16.5 embryos confirmed that not Dnmt3a but Dnmt3a2 and Dnmt3L were the major Dnmt3s. The expression level of Dnmt3L constituted 5- to 10-fold molar excess compared to that of Dnmt3a2. The stimulation property of the DNA methylation activity of Dnmt3a2 with Dnmt3L towards substrate DNA in naked or nucleosomes was similar to that of Dnmt3a. However, the DNA methylation activity of not Dnmt3a but Dnmt3a2 was severely inhibited at the physiological salt concentration. Interestingly, the activity of Dnmt3a2 was significantly detected in the presence of Dnmt3L even at the physiological salt concentration. This indicates that Dnmt3a2 functions only in the presence of Dnmt3L in male gonocytes, and may explain why Dnmt3L is required specifically in mouse gonocytes for DNA methylation.