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The purpose was to describe the MRI morphological features and signal intensity (SI) characteristics of 24 histologically proven cases of musculoskeletal soft tissue lymphoma presenting clinically as a suspected primary soft tissue sarcoma. This was a retrospective review of clinical notes and MRI studies of 24 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma. All patients presented to a specialist orthopaedic oncology unit with a suspected primary soft tissue sarcoma. Features assessed included lesion size and morphology, location, extension across anatomical compartments and signal intensity characteristics. The lesions were predominantly poorly defined with peritumoral oedema in ten cases. All tumours were of intermediate T1W SI, while 85% of lesions also showed intermediate T2W SI. Almost all cases that were located just deep to the fascia showed subcutaneous extension, while 50% had involvement of more than one muscle compartment. In 29% of cases, there was extension of tumour along the neurovascular bundle. Histo-pathologically, 23 lesions were non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. The MRI features of primary musculoskeletal soft tissue lymphoma include a mass with intermediate SI on T1W and T2W images, involvement of more than one anatomical compartment, subcutaneous extension and extension along the neurovascular bundle.

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This pilot study was carried out to find the feasibility of analyzing the maturity of the fetal lung using ultrasound images. Data were collected from normal pregnant women at intervals of two weeks from the gestation age of 24 to 38 weeks. Images were acquired at two centers located at different geographical locations. The total data acquired consisted of 750 images of immature and 250 images of mature class. A region of interest of 64 x 64 pixels was used for extracting the features. Various textural features were computed from the fetal lung and liver images. The ratios of fetal lung to liver feature values were investigated as possible indexes for classifying the images into those from mature (reduced pulmonary risk) and immature (possible pulmonary risk) lung. The features used are fractal dimension, lacunarity, and features derived from the histogram of the images. The following classifiers were used to classify the fetal lung images as belonging to mature or immature lung: nearest neighbor, k-nearest neighbor, modified k-nearest neighbor, multilayer perceptron, radial basis function network, and support vector machines. The classification accuracy obtained for the testing set ranges from 73% to 96%.

Asymptomatic persons with lymphatic filariasis may harbor microfiliariae in the circulation, and despite the lack of symptoms, these patients may have occult pathologic lesions and renal abnormalities. Earlier investigators have shown that it is possible to detect live adult filarial worms and dilation of lymphatic channels with ultrasonography. It is also possible to assess response to therapy. Using sonography, we detected twirling motions in dilated lymph channels and characteristic sonographic findings associated with presence of adult filariae. On follow-up examination we also found evidence of loss of worm activity after chemotherapy.

The clavicle is not a primary common site for any particular tumour; hence, diagnosis of the lesions can be challenging. Our study has suggested that few factors like age and site of the lesions may be helpful in diagnosis.

We describe an antenatally diagnosed case of unguarded tricuspid valve in a 15-week fetus. Because of its rarity, the differentiation of this anomaly from other tricuspid valve dysplasias is difficult. Tricuspid regurgitation is the hallmark of Ebstein's anomaly and other tricuspid valve abnormalities, whereas in unguarded tricuspid orifice there is total absence of the valve, resulting in 'to and fro' flow across the right-sided chambers. The color Doppler flow pattern helps in differentiating this anomaly from others. The antenatal diagnosis was confirmed on autopsy.