Purpose To assess the corneal endothelial cell density following deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK) carried out by air dissection and with the transplantation of lyophilised tissue.Method Contact endothelial specular microscopy was carried out on a series of patients who had undergone DLK with a minimum of 1 year post-operative follow-up. Results Twenty eyes of 18 patients were examined at follow-up times ranging from 1 to 8 years post-operatively (mean 3 years).Indications for surgery were: keratoconus

Incidence of cystic changes in ILTM justifies extraction of the impacted tooth associated with symptoms. The decision to extract or not to extract impacted third molar should be individualized, rather than generalized.

Oral mucosal pH is altered in GERD patients and may contribute to effects on the oral cavity.

Background:Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive radical, participates in the nonspecific natural defense mechanism of the oral cavity. The present study was attempted to evaluate the salivary NO levels in 4–5 year-old children with early childhood caries (ECC). The objective of the present study was to assess the salivary NO concentration in children with different caries activity.Materials and Methods:The study included 120 healthy 4.5 year-old children and they were equally divided into three groups based on decayed, missing, filled surfaces (dmfs) score; forty caries-free children (control group), forty children with dmfs 1.5 (ECC group), and forty with dmfs ⩾6 (severe ECC group). Saliva collected was measured for NO concentration by Griess reaction method. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results:The mean level of NO in the saliva of the control group was 51.2 ± 8.3457 and that of ECC and severe ECC were 47.1 ± 5.2614 and 33.625 ± 4.6942, respectively. The mean salivary NO concentration was significantly higher in healthy controls when compared to children with ECC and severe ECC. Moreover, a negative correlation (r = −0.6658) was observed between the salivary NO level and the mean dmfs, suggesting that as the salivary NO level decreases, the caries incidence increases.Conclusion:The obtained results support the antimicrobial activity of salivary NO and also suggest that an increase in NO production might contribute to lower the caries occurrence in children.

The evidence suggests that cow's milk and human milk are less cariogenic than sucrose, with cow's milk being the least cariogenic. The cariogenic potential of infant formulas varied across the studies, with some being as cariogenic as sucrose.