Antenna arrays yield multiple, simultaneous available beams. These beams can be made to have high gain, low side lobes and controlled beam width. In conventional beam forming, the smallest beam width depends on the geometric dimensions of the receiving array. This problem may overcome by the Hyper beam invention. The linear array when implemented using Hyper beam technique, there is a considerable reduction of side lobes and beam width compared to the conventional beam forming. As a result, the relevant equations pertaining to normal linear array and the Hyper linear array are presented. The effect of the Hyper beam exponent on the beam patterns are shown.
The Northeastern India (NEI) region, is seismotectonically one of the most active regions of the world. Earlier studies of NEI earthquake data have provided contrasting evidence for the presence of randomness and low-dimensional ''strange attractor.'' Here, in the present study, we assess the dimensionality of an earthquake-generating mechanism by nonlinear predictability analyses on phase portrait constructed by monthly frequency earthquake time series which was obtained from the NOAA catalogue. The result of nonlinear forecasting analyses suggests that the earthquake processes in the NEI region evolve on a non-random high-dimensional chaotic system. Such a complex high-dimensional earthquake behavior is indicative of heterogeneous geological structures in which weak fault zones and/or individual fault interactions might have strength fluctuations due to pore pressure variation. Further, K 2 entropy analysis was performed to isolate the non-random component from the data. The analysis reveals a quasi-coherent time structure, (K 2 % 0.08/month) which corresponds to a seasonal time scale of about 12 months. We argue that stochastic resonance created by seasonality bias may have combined with noise to affect the pore pressure variation leading to subsequent earthquake triggering. It is interesting to note that most earthquakes and swarm activities occurred during or after the monsoon season. Geological and geophysical evidence also reconciles with the above view. Evidence for high-dimensional chaos associated with ''seasonal'' bias in the NEI region may provide useful constraints for testing models and criteria to assess earthquake hazards on a more rigorous and quantitative basis.
Cryptography is the science of transmission and reception of secret messages. Recently electronic communication has become an essential part of every aspect of human life. Message encryption has become very essential to avoid the threat against possible attacks by hackers during transmission process of the message. Finite state machines (FSM), also known as finite state automation (FSA), at their simplest, are models of the behaviors of a system or a complex object, with a limited number of defined conditions or modes, where mode transitions change with circumstance. In the present paper, new cryptographic scheme is proposed using finite state machine and Pauli spins ½ matrices.
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