In the present communication an effective parametric analysis on the mechanical properties (tensile and flexural strength) of bagasse fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (BFRVE) composites were conducted, and then the fabrication process parameters were optimized by using Taguchi and analysis of variance techniques. Composites plates were fabricated by Taguchi’s L18 experimental design as the function of process parameters such as fiber length, fiber content, fiber diameter, sodium hydroxide concentration and sodium hydroxide treatment duration. The optimum process parameters to obtain the maximum strength values were identified using signal-to-noise ratio calculations. Then, the results were analyzed to know the percentage contribution of each fabrication process parameter on the tensile and the flexural strength using analysis of variance. A multivariable non-linear regression model was developed to predict the strength values and compared with experimental strength values. The developed models were validated by 10 additional experimental results using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results reveal that the fiber content (40 wt%) is the most significant factor influencing the tensile and flexural strength. An acceptable level of mean absolute percentage errors (8.57% for tensile strength and 9.13% for flexural strength) was obtained in both cases. Finally, the results indicate that this model can be used efficiently for prediction of tensile and flexural strength of BFRVE composites without any further experiments.
In this paper, an attempt was made to use Prosopis juliflora fibres (PJFs) as a reinforcing agent for phenol formaldehyde (PF) composites. Mechanical properties of the composites were studied for various fibre aspect ratios (FAR) and fibre loadings (FL). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the fractured surface of the composites. The peak range of mechanical properties was identified for composites with a FAR of 136 and fibre loading of 23.53 wt%. This study shows that the optimum FAR and fibre loading for PJFs were found to be 136 and 23.53 wt% in order to achieve good reinforcement with better mechanical properties in the PF resin matrix. Experimental results were observed to be in very good agreement with the theoretical.
In this study, Wood Dust (WD)/Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) and Coir Pith (CP)/PF composites were hybridized with the Prosopis Juliflora Fiber (PJF) to obtain the hybrid composites. Composites were prepared by hand moulding technique. The weight percentage of particles and fibers are fixed in the ratio of 1:1. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact strengths were evaluated as a function of the particle and fiber loadings. The results show that the properties of both the WD and CP composites obviously improved by the addition of the PJF. The improvement in WD/PF composites was obviously higher than the CP/PF composites for all loadings. The WD/PJF/PF hybrid composites exhibited better tensile (strength of 48.9 MPA and modulus of 1262.1 MPa, respectively), flexural (strength of 55.4 MPa and modulus of 1344.3 MPa, respectively), and impact properties (1.32 KJ/m2).Â
In this paper, the Box-Behnken (BB) • The optimal levels of fabrication process parameters were identified using response surface graph and models.
The influences of fabrication parameters such as the fiber content, fiber length, alkali concentration and alkali treatment duration on the mechanical properties (tensile and flexural strength) of Areca fine fiber (AFF)-reinforced phenol formaldehyde (PF) composite were investigated in the present study. The Taguchi's experimental design (L 27 orthogonal array) was used to prepare the composites and to analyze the mechanical properties of composites. The analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio with the Taguchi method were also used to understand the influence of the fabrication parameters on the tensile and flexural strength of the composite. Results show that the fiber content was the most influential fabrication parameter on both the tensile and flexural strength followed by the fiber length and the alkali treatment duration. The interaction between the fabrication parameters also has a significant effect on the tensile and flexural strength of the composite. The optimal combination of fabrication parameters to obtain the maximum tensile and flexural strength was found to be FL = 10 mm, FC = 35 vol%, AC = 6% and ATD = 1 h.
Several attempts were made to investigate the effects of various process parameters on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of synthetic and natural cellulosic fibers and also particle-reinforced polymer composites. However, very few studies were carried out on the effects of various process parameters on the mechanical and wear behavior of phenol formaldehyde (PF) composites reinforced with natural cellulosic fibers and particles. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to observe the effects of various process parameters on the mechanical and wear behavior of wood-dust (WD) and coir-pith (CP) particle-reinforced resole-type PF composites. First, the mechanical properties of a WD/PF composite were studied based on the content of CP particles. Then, the erosive-wear behavior of the WD/PF composite was studied with respect to five different parameters such particle content, erodent size, impact velocity, impingement angle, and standoff distance. The erosive experiments were carried out for five different parameters based on the Taguchi experimental design (L27). The results show that the mechanical properties of the WD/PF composite increase with an addition of CP particles. The increment in the composite modulus was higher than that of the composite strength. The erosive test results indicate that the erosion-wear rate is affected by the particle content, impingement angle, erodent size and impact velocity. Brittle-erosion behavior was identified on the surface of the composite with a heavy erosive wear occurring at a 60°impingement angle. Keywords: biowaste particles, phenol formaldehyde, composites, mechanical properties, erosive-wear resistance, Taguchi method Izvedenih je bilo`e kar nekaj poizkusov v zvezi z u~inki razli~nih procesnih parametrov na mehanske lastnosti in obrabo polimernih kompozitov oja~anih s sinteti~nimi in naravnimi celuloznimi vlakni in/ali delci. Toda zelo malo raziskav je bilo izvedenih glede vpliva razli~nih procesnih parametrov na mehanske lastnosti in obrabo fenolformaldehidnih (angl. PF) kompozitov, oja~anih z naravnimi celuloznimi vlakni in delci. Tako je v pri~ujo~em delu predstavljen vpliv razli~nih procesnih parametrov na mehanske lastnosti in obrabo PF kompozitov, ki so bili oja~ani z delci lesnega prahu (angl. WD) in delci kokosa (angl. CP). Te vrste kompozitov se uporabljajo za izdelavo podplatov~evljev. Najprej so bile dolo~ene mehanske lastnosti WD/PF kompozitov glede na vsebnost CP delcev. Sledili so preizkusi in analize erozijske obrabe WD/PF kompozitov glede na vsebnost (koli~ino) delcev v kompozitu, velikost, hitrost in razdaljo u~inkovanja erozijskega sredsta ter njegov vpadni kot. Preizkusi so temeljili na analizi s Taguchijevo metodo (L27) s petimi razli~nimi parametri. Rezultati so pokazali, da se mehanske lastnosti WD/PF kompozitov izbolj{ujejo z dodajanjem CP delcev. Povi{anje modula kompozitov je bilo ve~je od pove~anja trdnosti kompozita. Erozijski testi ka`ejo, da je hitrost erozijske obrabe posledica vseh procesnih parametrov, to je: vsebnos...
This paper presents preparation of unidirectional aligned agave sisalana variegata fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composite laminates and their mechanical properties such as tensile, shear, flexural and impact strength. Wet hand layup technique was used for the preparation of composites. Mechanical tests were carried out for different weight percentage of fiber by varying the number of layers. Mechanical properties were analyzed as a function of wt%. The maximum tensile, flexural, impact and shear strength was observed on a composite designated as D. But the maximum tensile and flexural modulus values were identified in a composite designated as E. Experimental results were compared with theoretical results such as the rule of mixture and Bowyer and Bader model. Bowyer and Bader model was able to predict the strength and modulus of the composites better than the rule of the mixture model. The comparison between experimental and predicted values was also done by the student t test.
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