The transport of sputtered Ag atoms in the facing targets sputtering geometry studied by Monte Carlo simulation is presented. The atoms are ejected with a cosine distribution and undergo many collisions with the background argon gas atoms. The collisions are simulated with a Born–Mayer interaction potential. The model predicts the flux of Ag atoms arriving at the substrate, their energy, and angular distribution. These results have been compared with experimental results reported earlier. Similar computations have been extended to study the complex transport of multicomponent Y, Ba, and Cu in oxygen gas during YBa2Cu3O7−x sputter deposition.
An investigation has been carried out to establish a rapid method for the determination of bismuth in geological samples (especially geochemical exploration samples) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a boosted-output hollow cathode lamp. Bismuth iodide is first extracted into isobutyl methyl ketone and then bismuth is stripped into an aqueous ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution for nebulization into an air-acetylene flame. In order to determine the accuracy of the method, geochemical exploration reference samples issued by the US Geological Survey and other international reference samples were analysed using the proposed method and the results obtained were compared with those obtained using other atomic absorption spectrometric procedures. The proposed method can be applied to a variety of geological samples for the determination of bismuth at levels as low as 0.4 ppm.
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