IntroduzioneNegli ultimi decenni è avvenuta una profonda trasformazione del settore forestale italiano, in linea con quanto osservato anche a livello europeo (MI-PAAF 2015). Il sorgere di nuove funzioni e ruoli produttivi e sociali attribuiti alle risorse forestali (sensu lato, incluse le aree verdi in ambito urbano, le piantagioni da legno e gli alberi fuori-foresta) hanno determinato una crescita dell'importanza, ma anche della complessità del sistema foresta-legno. In Italia esiste una significativa tradizione nella ricerca forestale e una radicata consapevolezza che l'innovazione e la competitività sono possibili grazie a un'alleanza tra iniziative di ricerca strategiche a scala nazionale con Abstract: Precision forestry: concepts, tools and perspectives in Italy.Recent advancements in informatics and communication technologies have led to an increasing employment of analytical and communication tools in forestry, including data from satellite, airborne, unmanned aerial vehichles, global positioning systems, and many sensors, devices and other geospatial tools. Precision forestry enables highly repeatable measurements, actions and processes to manage and harvest forest stands, simultaneously allowing information linkages between production and wood supply chain, involving resource managers and environmental community; all these factors are contributing to the wider goal of sustainable forest management. In this report, we review the most recent advances in the precision forestry applications and tools, with particular reference on advanced forest inventory, decision support systems, precision forest harvesting, and wood traceability. We discuss the opportunities and challenges towards implementing precision forest practices in forest management and planning and forest industry in Italy.
IntroduzioneL'applicazione di tecnologie innovative e di precisione volte al miglioramento dell'efficienza e della qualità dei prodotti e dei processi produttivi ha avuto un notevole sviluppo in questi ultimi decenni nel settore agro-alimentare (Costa et al. 2013), mentre solo più recentemente questo aspetto è venuto a interessare anche il settore forestale (Timpe 2006, Björk et al. 2011, Corona & Scrinzi 2014, Picchi et al. 2015. Di particolare interesse al riguardo è la possibilità di applicazione di tecnologie innovative per la tracciabilità dei flussi di legname basate sull'applicazione di sistemi di Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). In ambito europeo, per la tematica del controllo della or tons of processed product. The results showed that the use of RFID technology along the supply chain could lead to an effective operational simplification and to a more efficient use of resources. Based on the average market prices for timber (80-120 € / m 3 ), the implementation of RFID technology led to an increase in timber price by 8% under the worst scenarios. This suggests that the use of open source technologies for wood traceability is already feasible and economically sustainable, as 40% of private companies stated their willingness to pay a premium price (on average 3.25% higher) for purchasing certified local wood products in Calabria. Moreover, we expect a further reduction of tags and hardware costs in the next future, up to half the costs estimated in this work, thus making the application of such technology to timber traceability even more affordable.
Models of stand volume and biomass estimation based on LiDAR data for the main forest types in Calabria (southern Italy). The AlForLab project is part of the Cluster MEA (Materials Energy Environment) addressed to the Calabria Region. Estimating the main dendrometric variables of Calabrian forests using models based on publicly available remote sensed data is one of the main purposes of the project. This paper describes the procedures used to develop several thematic maps (raster and vector) of timber volume and phytomass to be used in planning and management activities at both regional and forest property scale, as well as for felling plans, logging projects etc. We used public LiDAR data at medium-low resolution (1.6 pts m -2 ), acquired on about 90% of Calabrian territory in the frame of a national remote sensing programme of the Italian Ministry of the Environment. Field data from the second National Forest Inventory (INFC 2005) on 311 sample points were used for model calibration, as well as new field data acquired specifically for AlForLab project on 143 angle count samples. A series of regression models to predict volume and its corresponding aboveground biomass (dry and fresh weight) were developed and digital maps at different spatial resolutions were produced, as well as their estimate uncertainties. These models and their mapping products are also an important part of the new-establishing forest Decision Support System CFOR. The adopted models, though based on the same mathematical equation, have specific coefficients for different species and groups of species, according to a forest type classification system compatible with the fourth level of Corine Land Cover. In this way it is possible to apply the models without accessing more detailed forest type maps. All estimation methods and procedures are consistent with national forest inventory models, and with the other new tools proposed by AlForLab project to estimate timber volume, such as the regional tariffs and the field sampling inventory procedures. R 2 adjusted values (for models at the highest typological detail) are between 60% and 85%, whereas uncertainties of timber volume estimate (ESS%) range from 25% (for main forest species) up to 50% (for less spread forest types). All processing steps to produce digital maps were performed on open-source environment (R and QGIS).Keywords: ALS, LiDAR, Timber Volume, Forest Biomass, Estimation Models, CHM, AlForLab Received: Feb 09, 2017; Accepted: Apr 19, 2017; Published online: May 15, 2017 Citation: Scrinzi G, Floris A, Clementel F, Bernardini V, Chianucci F, Greco S, Michelini T, Penasa A, Puletti N, Rizzo M, Turco R, Corona P, 2017. Modelli di stima del volume e delle fitomasse del soprassuolo arboreo delle principali formazioni forestali della Calabria mediante dati LiDAR. Forest@ 14: 175-187 [online 2017-05-15]
Come è noto, per "tariffe" si intendono serie di tavole di cubatura a una entrata (derivate da sottostanti funzioni stereometriche a doppia entrata), differenziate in base a diversi andamenti standardizzati della relazione altezza/diametro (h/d) dei soggetti ar-borei. Normalmente vengono realizzati "sistemi di tariffe" costituiti da varie serie omogenee, differenziate "per valenza dendrologica" rispetto alla specie o gruppi di specie alle quali sono applicabili (Hellrigl et al. 1986). Fin dagli anni '50, sistemi di questo tipo sono stati
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