We developed a syndromic surveillance (SyS) concept using emergency dispatch, ambulance and emergency-department data from different European countries. Based on an inventory of sub-national emergency data availability in 12 countries, we propose framework definitions for specific syndromes and a SyS system design. We tested the concept by retrospectively applying cumulative sum and spatio-temporal cluster analyses for the detection of local gastrointestinal outbreaks in four countries and comparing the results with notifiable disease reporting. Routine emergency data was available daily and electronically in 11 regions, following a common structure. We identified two gastrointestinal outbreaks in two countries; one was confirmed as a norovirus outbreak. We detected 1/147 notified outbreaks. Emergency-care data-based SyS can supplement local surveillance with near real-time information on gastrointestinal patients, especially in special circumstances, e.g. foreign tourists. It most likely cannot detect the majority of local gastrointestinal outbreaks with few, mild or dispersed cases.
ED-based SyS in Santander complements sentinel influenza surveillance by providing timely information. Local fine tuning and definition of alert criteria are recommended to enhance validity.
BM evaluations, 16/17 (94%) CR patients maintained a MRD-negative status after a median of 22.5 months (range 12.5-36.5); in the remaining patient, MRD reappeared 12.5 months later but he remains in continuous CR at 38 months after the end of treatment.
Summary/Conclusion:Vemurafenib plus rituximab is a brief, safe and non-myelotoxic regimen that induces MRD-negative durable responses in the majority of relapsed/refractory HCL patients. Randomized testing of this regimen against the chemotherapy-based standard of care in the frontline setting is warranted.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.