Results suggest that administration of T/SMX at a dosage of 14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 3 weeks caused decreased TT4 and fT4 concentrations and increased cTSH concentration, conditions that would be compatible with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Therefore, dogs should not have thyroid function evaluated while receiving this dosage of T/SMX for >2 weeks. These results are in contrast to those of a previous study of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine.
Otoscopic examination and cytology of the equine ear would be beneficial in diseases such as head trauma, headshaking, otitis externa secondary to otitis media, vestibular disease, aural neoplasia and aural pruritus secondary to parasites. In practice, otic examinations of horses are rarely done due to the perceived difficulty in visualizing the equine external ear canal and tympanic membrane, as well as the need for chemical restraint. In this study, the proximal external ear canal was examined in live horses using a handheld otoscope and in cadaver heads using video otoscopy. Visualization of the proximal ear canal of the sedated horse could be done with a handheld otoscope, but more sedation or general anaesthesia and a video otoscope would be required to adequately visualize the tympanic membrane in the live horse. The proximal ear canals of 18 horses were examined cytologically and cultured aerobically. In three horses, both ears were sampled. No cells or organisms were seen on cytological examination of 11/21 ears. Nine of the 21 ears were sterile when cultured. Ten of the 21 ears had mixed growth with low numbers of organisms (Corynebacterium sp. being most common). Two of the 21 ears had heavy growth of a single organism (Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus intermedius, respectively). Equine cadaver heads were examined in cross-section by computed tomography (CT) imaging and histopathology in order to further understand the anatomy of the equine external ear canal. Equine practitioners should be aware that otic examination is possible and may provide important diagnostic information.
Case summaryA 9-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for multiple deep lesions on all four limbs and a nodule on the right pinna. The limb lesions ranged from nodules with necrotic surfaces to full-thickness ulcerations with exposure of muscles and tendons. The cat lived indoors only in a single-pet household and had no prior history of trauma. The owner reported that the lesions appeared abruptly and that the cat was not apparently painful or pruritic. Histopathology of the limb lesions and pinnal nodule confirmed severe lesions of the eosinophilic granuloma complex. Resolution of lesions was achieved with a combination of antibiotics, prednisolone, topical therapies, diet change and ciclosporin.Relevance and novel informationThis case report demonstrates a severe, aggressive presentation of eosinophilic granuloma complex. It will expose practitioners to atypical clinical signs of this commonly diagnosed disease.
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THE exposure of living organisms to sublethal doses of radiation causes a number of changes, many of which can be also produced by radiomimetic drugs (Boyland, 1951). One of these is the local greying of the hair in mice described by Hance and Murphy (1926) and recently investigated by Chase (1949) following exposure to X rays. The same effect produced by implantation of plutonium has been described by Lisco, Finkel and Brues (1947). Chase (1949) considers that the measurement of the effect is suitable for the quantitative assay of biological effects of radiation. A very similar bleaching or greying of hair caused by injection of nitrogen mustard was described by Boyland, Clegg, Koller, Rhoden and Warwick (1948), and malignant tumours following nitrogen mustard treatment (in some cases in immediate contact with grey patches induced by the injection) have been described by Boyland and Horning (1949) and by Heston (1950).The relationship between induction of grey hair and of cancer is investigated in the present paper. Localised greying of hair has now been induced in mice by a number of chemical agents which are known to be carcinogenic or mutagenic or both carcinogenic and mutagenic, or might be suspected of being so. The change is generally produced most readily by water-soluble substances but, with this limitation, the change might be used as a test indicating carcinogenicity. In this respect it is probably less specific, but similar to (1) the inhibition oftumour growth or body growth by carcinogenic compounds investigated by Haddow and his collaborators (Haddow, 1938), (2) the production of the specific chromosome damage described by Muller and Painter (1929) following X rays and by Darlington and Koller (1947) following mustard gas application, or (3) the increase in the mutation rate as described by Muller (1928) for X rays and by Auerbach, Robson and Carr (1947) for vesicants. The inhibition of growth and the induction of chromosome abnormalities in cells of small mammals can be observed readily with substances which are only very slightly soluble in water, but it is difficult to produce mutations in bacteria, Neurospora and Drosophila with substances which are not water-soluble.Because the greying of hair described in the present paper is a discontinuous permanent change in a part of the soma, it had been suggested (Boyland, 1949) that it might be a somatic mutation and so analogous to the malignant change if the latter were a somatic mutation. The conception of somatic mutation in adult animals is, however, entirely hypothetical. If a mutation can only be proved by breeding and examination of the succeeding generations, then proof
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