BACKGROUND Management of endometrial cancer in earlier stages have led to improved Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS). Therefore, vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) alone or along with EBRT can be used as adjuvant treatment in intermediate-risk disease (Stage IB G1-2 disease, stage IA G3 disease and stage IC G1-2 disease), with good results in terms of local control and toxicity. METHODS This single institute prospective analytical study included data of 306 patients who presented to Govt. Royapettah Hospital, attached to Govt. Kilpauk Medical College, after surgery, during the period 2012-2018. In this study, patients with endometrial cancer who underwent surgical management and adjuvant vaginal BT were included. This study has taken into consideration the following characteristics-age, histopathology, dose for each fraction, grading scale of toxicity used for each study, and follow-up time in both Treatment and Observed groups. RESULTS Median follow up was 49 months (Range 15-68) in the Treated Group Vs 40 months (range 12-36) in Observed Group. Number of patients who were disease free in the treated group 216 (91%) and in observed group 54 (85 %). Patients with vault recurrence were only 12 (0.5%) in Treated Group and 2 (2.9%) in Observed Group. Patients with pelvic nodes recurrence were only 10 (0.4%) in Treated Group and 2 (2.9%) in Observed Group. Patients with distant metastases were only 12 (0.5%) in the Treated Group and 2 (2.9%) in the Observed Group. CONCLUSIONS HDR endovaginal brachytherapy, with or without External Beam Radiation Therapy provided excellent Overall Survival (OS)/ Progression Free Survival (PFS). The toxicity profile was found to be very minimal.
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