Амурский медицинский журнал №3-4 (15-16) 2016 nature, form and extent of the process. Objective: to conduct histopathology assessment of the structural and functional characteristics of tissue processes in the lung tissue in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) of the pathogen. Materials and methods: autopsy material, covering the 62 patients who died of ibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis in hospitals of the Amur region. Groups are divided according to the type of agent LU: I group-MDR (43 people), II group-19 people with drug-sensitive saved. Was determined the prevalence of lesions of the lung tissue, studied the cellular microenvironment and histological features of arterioles, capillaries and venules in the focus of inlammation. For morphometric studies received pieces of lung tissue destruction zones of active inlammation, the walls of the pulmonary cavities with qualitative and quantitative determination of cellular composition. Results: the most signiicant morphological changes were detected for persons sufering from pulmonary tuberculosis DR. In these patients, there is the prevalence of a speciic severity of lung lesions with caseous layer in the cavity, and the tuberculosis foci of infection, extensive seroplastic inlammation in adjacent and distant from the cavity of lung parenchyma. It is worth noting that even in all cases, we observed an increase in the permeability of the phenomenon and vasculitis. However, in the cases of DR-TB lesion was more common and combines not only the destruction of the endothelium, and thrombosis of large and small vessels. Material from patients with drug-sensitive saved had the characteristics of exudative productive process with a less pronounced inlammatory response, in which there was ibrosis of the lung parenchyma. While the streets of Latvia, who died of ibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis, we observed a pronounced exudative alterative reaction in conjunction with a deep damage of the microvasculature. Conclusion. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between the inlammatory response and the morphological features of the reactions in the lung parenchyma in patients with DR TB, which depends on the severity of the irst. The most pronounced changes in patients died from progressive ibro-cavernous tuberculosis, released during the life of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multidrug-resistant and multi-drug resistant.
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 675000, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, 95 РЕЗЮМЕ Цель исследования -изучить ферментативную активность гидролитических ферментов в эпите-лии трахеи крыс при общем охлаждении организма. Анализ полученных данных показал, что при еже-дневном трехчасовом общем холодовом воздействии на кроликов в течение 28 дней при температуре минус 25-28ºС обнаружено значительное усиление активности кислой фосфомоноэстеразы на апи-кальном полюсе эпителиальных клеток слизистой оболочки трахеи. В этих экспериментальных усло-виях щелочная фосфатаза проявляет свою актив-ность в базальном полюсе эпителия и в гранулах мигрирующих тучных клеток через эпителий в просвет трахеи. Есть основания полагать, что про-должение неблагоприятного действия низких тем-ператур приведёт к глубоким и стойким нарушениям ферментативной активности гидроли-тических ферментов эпителиоцитов, выраженной дестабилизации мембран лизосом и развитию де-структивных изменений в реснитчатых эпителио-цитах.Ключевые The aim of the research is to study the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in epithelium of rats' trachea under total cooling of the organism. The analysis of the obtained data showed that with a daily three hour total cold exposure of rabbits during 28 days at the temperature of -25~-28ºC, a significant increase in the activity of acidic phosphomonoesterase at the apical pole of the epithelial cells of the tracheal mucosa was observed. Under these experimental conditions, alkaline phosphatase is active in the basal pole of the epithelium and in granules of mast cells migrating through the tracheal epithelium into the lumen of the trachea. There are reasons to believe that the continuation of the adverse effect of low temperatures leads to deep and persistent disturbance of the enzymatic organization of hydrolytic enzymes of epithelial cells, pronounced destabilization of lysosome membranes and the development of destructive changes in ciliate epitheliocytes. Key words: acid and alkaline phosphatase, pseudostratified ciliated epithelium of the trachea, mast cells, cold exposure.Большое внимание, которое уделяют исследователи изучению состояния отдельных ферментов и фермент-ных систем при нормальных и патологических процес-сах в организме, позволяют выявить наиболее ранние этапы нарушения обмена, ведущие в дальнейшем к морфологическим изменениям микроструктур, обна-руживаемых обычными гистохимическими и элек-тронно-микроскопическими методами. Ферменты обладают строгой специфичностью к веществам, на ко-торые они воздействуют (субстрат) и проявляют актив-ность при определённых условиях температуры и реакции (pH) среды (нейтральная, кислая, щелочная) [1, 6, 11]. Ферменты, участвующие в расщеплении фос-форных эфиров, получившие название гидролитиче-ских, способны гидролизировать эфиры фосфорной кислоты [1,2]. Гистохимическое исследование щелоч-ной и кислой фосфатаз показывает, что они ...
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