Background. Currently, the frequency of occurrence of neoplasms is emerging in the world. Under conditions of a general tumor, brain tumors are rare (0.7–1.5 %). However, high mortality, disability, limited life expectancy of patients, high economic and social inferiority, raise concerns about the medical organization of care, development and social adaptation. Of particular importance among the causes of primary brain tumors is the congenital or acquired growth of immunodeficiency. The growth in the number of drug addicts led to the elimination of the annual epidemic at the end of the 70s and the increase in the number of patients with immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), due to which the growth of a brain tumor began to develop in this population group. The number of Russian patients with lymphoma is also steadily increasing.Objective. Consider an illustrative clinical case that reflects the expected continuity in patients with ordinary CNS lymphoma.Design and methods. A 50-year-old patient with moderate memory loss was examined using various methods: MRI, PET-CT and etc.Results. Based on histological and immunohistochemical studies, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS was diagnosed. There was a positive trend in the reduction of tumor size after radiation therapy.Conclusion. Primary CNS lymphoma is becoming an active epidemiological problem of society, requiring comprehensive multidisciplinary monitoring. Only high vigilance in terms of lymphoma and well-coordinated work of multidisciplinary specialists can help to perform the correct diagnostics and patient management.
Immunotherapy is a promising and rapidly developing method of therapy patients with different oncological pathology. Considering the demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of patients with some solid tumors, as well as low survival rates and the absence of a significant effect in the standard treatment of most patients with glioblastomas, the question of the use of immunotherapy for malignant gliomas of the brain was raised. However, to decision this problem, it is necessary to consider the interaction of the immune system with tumors of this group. The modern view of the interaction of immunity and glioblastoma is presented. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of tumor escape and suppression of the functional activity of immune system. The current immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma are presented. Interaction of glioblastoma with immune system at all the stages of tumor growth is a complex process. While planning the immunotherapy of this pathology its necessary to take into consideration all mechanisms used by the tumor cells to avoid the immune response and suppress it. However, the clinical studies of this type of therapy proved to be less successful than expected. Further detailed studies of immune-resistance and escape of gliobloastoma must contribute to working out more effective immunotherapy tactics.
The research of the blood-brain barrier began at the turn of the 18th19th centuries. To date due to the large number of studies conducted, it is obvious that this system has an impossibly complex structure at the organ, tissue and molecular genetic levels. Scientific interest in the changes in the blood-brain barrier that occur during pathological neoplastic processes is increasing. As it turned out, the restructuring of this system is an important and integral stage in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, a tumor of the central nervous system with the most unfavorable prognosis. Heterogeneous structure with the formation of areas of altered cellular composition, uneven and uncontrolled permeability, provided by a large number of transport vesicles and the destruction of tight contacts between endotheliocytes, active outflow of molecules from the parenchyma due to the continuous synthesis of new portions of ABC-carrier proteins, the creation of an immature vascular network under the influence of high expression of VEGF by tumor cells the main characteristics of the hematopoietic barrier, formed in glioblastoma and supporting its survival. The further research of the features of the structure and mechanisms of functioning of the blood-brain barrier in glioblastoma is a new and promising task in modern neurooncology, the solution of which will not only expand the understanding of the biology of the most common and malignant brain tumor but will also improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients and improve the prognosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.