Until recently, the classic approach to mineral exploration studies is to bring the field samples/drill cores collected during field studies to the laboratory followed by laborious analysis procedures to generate the analytical data. This is very expensive, time consuming and difficult for exploring vast areas. But rapid technological advances in field portable analytical instruments such as portable ultraviolet–visible and near-infrared spectrophotometers, gamma ray spectrometer, pXRF, pXRD, pLIBS, and µRaman spectrometer have changed this scenario completely and increased their on-site applications in mineral exploration studies. These instruments are currently providing direct, rapid, on-site, real-time, non-destructive, cost-effective identification, and determination of target elements, indicator minerals and pathfinder elements in rock, soil, and sediment samples. These portable analytical instruments are currently helping to obtain accurate chemical and mineralogical information directly in field with minimal or no sample preparation, and providing decision-making support during field work as well as during drilling operations in several successful mineral exploration programs. In this article, the developments in these portable devices, and their contributions in the platinum group elements (PGE), rare earth elements (REE), gold, base metals, and lithium exploration studies both on land and on ocean bed have been summarized with examples.
It is common that cost is the main criterion at the time of making choices between different systems. With life-cycle cost (LCC) calculations, it is possible to get better overview of the total cost. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is "the total cost of owning, operatin maintaining, and disposing of a building or a building system" over a period of time. History shows that decisions relating to residential buildings are generally based on estimates of the initial construction cost, with no consideration of operation an maintenance cost occurring during life of building. Continuously rising operation and maintenance cost increases overall life cycle cost. It can be minimized by investing most efficient solution at initial stage. The present study includes analysis of al existing bungalow. Applying LCC analysis on new bunglow by Net present value approach. By extrapolating all cost of new bungalow, analysis is done for Do nothing and energy efficient approach. Comparative analysis was done for suggesting cost effective solution.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.