The present study involves a detailed experimental investigation of the concurrent compositional clustering and long-range ordering tendencies in a Ni-33at%Cr alloy, carried out by coupling synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atom probe tomography (APT). Synchrotron-based XRD results clearly exhibited progressively increasing lattice contraction in the matrix with increasing isothermal aging time, at 475 °C, eventually leading to the development of long-range ordering (LRO) of the Pt 2 Mo-type. Detailed TEM and APT investigations revealed that this LRO in the matrix is manifested in the form of nanometer-scale ordered domains, and the spatial distribution, size, morphology and compositional evolution of these domains have been carefully investigated. APT results also revealed the early stages of compositional clustering prior to the onset of long-range ordering in this alloy and such compositional clustering can potentially be correlated to the lattice contraction and previously proposed short-range ordering tendencies.

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The amounts of cesium and uranium released from crushed spent PWR fuel in the gel-state clays with a few ml of supernatant at hot cell temperature under Ar-atmosphere have been measured. The fractions of cesium dissolved from the fuel for 873 days were 0.29 and 0.25% in Boom clay/Boom-clay water and Ca-bentonite/synthetic granitic groundwater, respectively.These cesium fractions were very close to the gap inventory of cesium, which was determined to be around 0.30% in the previous experiment. The fraction of uranium released up to 193 days in the Boom clay media was 0.011% and this fraction has been retained until 873 days. Such this phenomenon was also obtained in the Ca-bentonite media even though the released fraction was higher than that in Boom clay. The increase of less than 0.001% in the dissolved uranium fraction between 193 and 873 days suggests that the long-term leach rate of uranium from spent fuel would be much less than 24 µg·m -2 ·day -1 .