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Herein we systematically study a range of dopants (Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and an MnCo alloy) in ZnO and TiO2 using several X-ray spectroscopic techniques. We identify the dopant’s local environment and interaction with the host lattice by employing crystal field multiplet calculations and hence clarify their potential applicability for spintronic technologies. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict a decreasing probability of direct cation (Zn/Ti) substitution by dopant atoms as atomic number increases, as well as a much greater likelihood of metallic clustering in TiO2. Our spectroscopic measurements confirm that in all cases, except Mn, metallic clusters of dopant atoms form in the TiO2 crystal lattice, thus making it unfit for spintronic capabilities. On the other hand, in ZnO, the dopants substitute directly into zinc sites, which is promising for spintronic technologies.

In this study, the colour coordinate behaviours according to the surface area of phosphors were investigated to implement the colour coordinate of the desired zone in a random colour coordinate. For this purpose, the mixing ratio and dispensing amount of a green phosphor (Ce: YAG) and three red phosphors (CaAlSiN 3 :Eu 2+ ) with different specific surface areas were adjusted, and the corresponding colour coordinate behaviour was examined. As a result, the colour coordinate behaviour was found to be considerably influenced by the mixing ratio of red and green phosphors and the surface area of the phosphor powder particles. In conclusion, the colour coordinate of the desired zone can be more efficiently implemented by predicting the characteristics of different types of phosphors and their colour coordinate behaviours. The findings of this study are expected to greatly increase the yield of the light-emitting diode industry.

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