The first version of the Analytical Instrument Association Data Interchange Specification for Mass Spectrometry was released in the second quarter of 1993. This specification has two components: a model which describes the information content of mass spectrometric experimental data sets and spectral libraries, and an implementation of the model as a programming tool kit in portable computer source code. This model and tool kit evolved during four years of discussions, proposals, reviews, and prototypes involving a large group of participants from the vendor and end-user communities. External resources and support, including the AIA, the ADISS Project, the Unidata Program Center, and the American Society for Mass Spectrometry were essential in identifying key technologies used in the specification and in providing a platform for promotion and discussion.
The Greater Enfield Project (GEP) is a challenging offshore oil development, designed to produce from the Laverda Canyon, Cimatti and Norton over Laverda oil fields. Six water injection wells are required to provide pressure support and sweep oil to three production wells in the Laverda Canyon and Cimatti oil accumulations to improve oil recovery. The GEP injection wells are a critical aspect of water flood design in a complex field, new to Woodside and with limited global benchmarks.
A specific drilling and completion fluid system (Reservoir drilling fluid, completion fluid and chemical filter cake breaker) combined with a unique clean up and displacement technique have been adopted to provide high and sustainable matrix injection performance. While filter cake breakers have been previously used in the industry, they are typically combined with a flowback for filter cake removals. Filter cake clean up by means of flowback was discounted for GEP due to cost and the inability of some wells to naturally flow during early life.
All GEP injection wells were completed in 2018-2019, one of which is globally the longest horizontal water injection well completed to date based on the Rushmore data base. Fieldwide injection commenced in July 2019 with favorable results. This paper summarises the key design aspects adopted to deliver successful matrix injection performance, presents the improvements implemented during offshore execution and provides an insight into the early life injection performance.
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