No abstract

This work was conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons in a private vineyard situated at Markaz-Badr El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. This study aimed to evaluating the potential effects of foliar applications of Putrescine (Pu) at 0.0, 1.0 and 2.0 mM, Salicylic acid (SA) at 0.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM and the combination among them on yield, fruit quality and storability of Flame seedless grapevine. The vines sprayed with these treatments two timeswhen berry reached about 4-6mm in diameter (pea stage) and again at veraison stage. The obtained results revealed that the combination treatment contained Pu at 2.0 + SA at 4.0mM improved total yield and clusters quality in terms of weight, length and widthas well as berry length, berry diameter, weight, firmness and volume of 100 berries. Moreover, itwas the most effective treatment maintaining the quality characters during cold storageat, 0-2°C and 90-95% RH showing the lowest cluster weight loss, berry shatter, rachis browning, and berry decay as well as Pectin methylesterase activity. Also, itgave the highest berry firmness and removal forcewith maintaining SSC%, acidity, SSC/acid ratio and berries anthocyanin content till 60 days of cold storage, however all combination treatments increased significantly the marketable clusters percent and extended cluster shelf life over control.

This work was conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in a commercial vineyard located in Abo-Ghaleb El-Giza Governorate Egypt for evaluating the effect of magnetic iron, Salicylic acid (SA) and Ascorbic acid (AsA) on growth and productivity of "Flame seedless" (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines. The vines had eight years old, grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system and spaced at 2 x 3m in a row and between rows, respectively. Four magnetic iron levels (0, 150, 250 and 350g/vine) were applied as soil amendment once after winter pruning. Also, four foliar spray treatments (tap water, SA at 100, AsA at 150 and SA+ AsA at 100+ 150 mg/l, respectively) were applied two times (after fruit set and at veraison stage). The obtained results cleared that, the highest magnetic iron dose (350g/ vine) combined with the two antioxidants (SA+ AsA) was more effective in enhancing vine growth, yield and fruit quality parameters. Such combination treatment gave the highest significant values of growth characters in terms of leaf area, shoot length and leaf chlorophyll content as well as vine vigor parameters as internodes length, pruning's weight, the coefficient of wood ripening. Also, enhanced leaf nutrients content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe moreover, it was superior in reducing leaf Na, Cl and proline content. This combination treatment produced the highest yield/ vine, cluster weight, cluster length and best berries physical characters as berry diameter, length and volume as well as chemicals in terms of SSC%, SSC/acid ratio, anthocyanine pigments and reduced berry acidity. All magnetic iron applications were effective in reducing EC, pH and Sodium adsorption rate (SAR) of soil which partially elevate salinity hazer on vine growth and release more soil nutrients.

Aim of study: To evaluate the use of compost and natural rocks as partial replacement of mineral fertilizers in ‘Flame’ seedless grape vineyards.Area of study: The present work was conducted during three successive seasons (2016, 2017 and 2018), being the first season a preliminary trial on 4-yr old grapes cultivated in two different soil types (sandy and clay) at two different locations, Egypt (Abo Galeb, Giza governorate; EL-Mahala, Gharbia governorate).Material and methods: Treatments were applied as natural raw materials at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% out of recommended mineral NPK rate. The mineral fertilizers used were ammonium sulfate (21.6% N), calcium super phosphate (15.5% P2O5) and potassium sulfate (48% K2O). The natural rocks used were phosphate rock (22.0% P2O5) and Feldspar (10.12% K2O). Yield and fruit characteristics and leaf mineral content were determined.Main results: Using compost in combination with natural rocks enriched with NPK mobilization bacteria and mineral NPK enhanced leaf nutrients content and gave the highest yield and cluster weight. This mix also improved berries physical and chemical characteristics. There was an increase in soluble solids content (SSC), SSC/acid ratio, and anthocyanin content, associated with a reduction in nitrate content of the berry juice. The most pronounced effect was related to using 60% mineral fertilization + 40% organic and natural rocks in both vineyard locations.Research highlights: We can reduce the recommended doses of mineral NPK by about 40%, reducing then the soil pollution.

This study was conducted during two seasons 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the effects of spraying natural moringa leaf extract, silicon and their combination on vine vigor, yield and fruit quality of "Flame seedless" (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevine grown in a private vineyard located at El-Beheira Governorate. Seven treatments were done, control (spraying with water), silicon at 0.1%, moringa extract at 2%, and silicon at 0.1% plus moringa extract at 2%. All treatments were sprayed in two ways (2 times only and every 2 weeks) starting at 15-20 cm of shoot length. The obtained results revealed that the suggested treatments were effective in stimulating different growth parameters, yield, and fruit quality parameters. Moringa leaves extract at 2% combined with silicon at 0.1% every two weeks significantly enhanced vegetative growth parameters in terms of leaf area, total chlorophyll, average shoot length, cane internodes length, and their diameter, and removed pruning weight, leaf nutrients content as N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn. Also cluster physical quality parameters in terms of weight, length, width, berry physical parameters as weight and volume of 100 berries, firmness, berry removal force, berry length and diameter consequently and juice chemicals in terms of SSC, SSC/acid ratio, anthocyanins and total sugars contents are also increased. Sequently, it increased the total yield per vine and reduced titratable acidity.

Salinity is one of the most important factors facing the expansion of grapevine agricultural production which leads to reducing growth, yield and cluster quality. So, a field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons in a private vineyard situated in Desouk, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate effects of Humic acid at 15g and 20g/vine, potassium silicate at 20g and 40g/vine, and biofertilizer containing three bacterial strains (Azotobacter chroococcum+ Azospirllium lipoferm+ Bacillus megatherium with cell density 1*108 CFU/ g) at 50g/ vine alone or in combinations on growth, fruit quality and yield of "Ruby seedless" grapevines grown under soil salinity conditions. The results revealed that the combination treatments were more effective to alleviate the adverse effects of soil salinity than the individual ones. The combinations treatments among Humic acid, potassium silicate and biofertilizer at low (Humic acid at 15g+ potassium silicate at 20g+ biofertilizer at 50g/ vine) and high (Humic acid at 30g+ potassium silicate at 40g+ biofertilizer at 50g/ vine) concentrations showed a superior effect on vegetative growth parameters such as leaf area, number of leaves per shoot, total chlorophyll, and vine vigor characters as lick cane length, coefficient of wood ripening, pruning's weight, internodes length, and diameter as compared with control. Moreover, caused a significant increase in leaf N P K content, and reduced leaf proline content. Also, it enhanced berry physical parameters (berry diameter, weight and volume of 100 berries) and chemical parameters (SSC%, SSC/acid ratio and anthocyanin content) as well as cluster number, length and weightconsequently increased the total yield per feddan. Moreover, these applications reduced soil EC and pH meanwhile, enhanced both soils available NPK and microorganisms activity.

This investigation was carried out during two seasons 2017 and 2018 on Flame seedless and superior seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines ten years old, grown in a private vineyard located at El-Beheira Governorate. The study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of spraying with some natural substances (Garlic extract at 10 and 15% as well as Clove oil at 7 and 10%) as compared to artificial chemical treatment (Hydrogen cyanamide at 2.5%) usually used for breaking bud dormancy. The treatments were applied alone or combined with mineral oil at 2% two times (first week of January and one week later) in both seasons. The obtained results cleared that, the natural substances used, especially Garlic extract at 10 or 15% + mineral oil at 2% are resemble with Hydrogen cyanamide alone or with mineral oil at 2% treatment in hastening bud sprouting, shortening the duration of bud break, enhancing fertility coefficient, improving yield, cluster quality parameters (weight, length and width and berries per cluster), berries physical (weight, dimensions, volume) and chemical (SSC, SSC/acid ratio and anthocyanin contents of Flame seedless) quality parameters of both grapevine cvs. over control. Alternatively, Garlic extract can be used to safety release buds instead of that artificial chemical such as Hydrogen cyanamide.

No abstract