Convincing results on HLA Class II associations have been
reported, however data on HLA class I association are limited and
inconsistent from studies in Leprosy. We present here the HLA A,
B, and C allele distribution by molecular high resolution PCR-SSOP
technique in 32 leprosy patients compared with the 67 controls,
from the same ethnic background. The significant results from the
present study were a significant increase in frequency of HLA
A*0206, A*1102, B*4016, B*5110,
Cw*0407, and Cw*0703 was observed when compared to
controls. A striking decrease in the frequency of HLA
A*0101, Cw*04011, and Cw*0602 leprosy patients
was observed when compared to the controls. Further haplotype
A*1102-B*4006-Cw*1502 was significantly
increased among the lepromatous leprosy patients when compared to
the controls. It seems that HLA class I alleles play vital roles
in disease association/pathogenesis with leprosy among Indians.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is being increasingly diagnosed in India, which exists in two forms, the 'limited Wegener's granulomatosis' (LWG) having upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) involvement and the 'classical Wegener 's granulomatosis' (CWG), with the triad of URT, LRT involvement along with kidney involvement. Cytoplasmic ANCA (C-ANCA) or antiProteinase3 (anti-PR3), which is highly diagnostic for WG, rarely perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) may exist. Aims To detect anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and correlate it with serological, hematological parameters, and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). SETTINGS AND DESIGN Twenty-three clinically and histopathologically proven WG (16 CWG, 7 LWG) were studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS C-ANCA and P-ANCA patterns were identified by immunofluorescence and specificities were confirmed by 'α granule' enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), anti-PR3, anti-MPO (myeloperoxidase) and anti-Lactoferrin (anti-LF) by ELISA. RESULTS LRT involvement was seen in 91.3%, URT in 78.3%, and renal manifestations in 69.6% cases. The BVAS in CWG was significantly higher than BVAS in the LWG. Decreased hemoglobin, increased WBC counts, ESR, CRP and Creatinine were seen in CWG as compared to LWG. The C-ANCA was present in 65.2% patients and P-ANCA in 13% cases. Anti-PR3 was seen in 69.6% patients and anti-LF in 17.4% cases. Severity of disease and ANCA was higher in CWG than in LWG. Conclusions Vasculitis syndromes are known to overlap and many go undetected; therefore ANCA testing, along with the clinical and histopathological observations may be helpful in early detection and management of WG cases.
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