Soil physicochemical properties can be regarded as an important tool to assess soil health, which further form a base for biological activity in soil. These soil physicochemical properties are comparable in identical land-uses. However, the changes in land-use types and their effects on soil physicochemical properties are largely debates and rather unclear. Soil serves as an important thing in agriculture because this determines the plant growth and health. The present circumstance of industrialization and urbanization has taken a toll on environment, polluting the soil, air and water. Pollution as well as global warming has exhibited detrimental effects on our natural resources of soil becomes the inexplicable. Failing monsoon rains due to climatic changes, population explosion, and depletion of natural water and soil resources such as ground soil, agricultural soil as well as intentional man-made pollution of agriculture pesticide to soil scarcity. Even the scarcely available water is located by contaminants and pollutants which include mutagens, carcinogens, and pathogenic microbes affecting all the file forms affecting the ecological balance. Considering the above mentioned problem criteria, a part of the present work has been designed to analyze the quality of ground soil around the industrial premises. For this objective, we have collected different types of soil samples from various locations in and around sathyamangalam area in Erode District focusing on quite far away from industrial premises considering the concepts of leaching. Basic physio-chemical properties of soil colour, pH, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium using specific techniques used in laboratory for the samples have been analyzed by APHA standards. These analysis help in the addition of the nutrients of the soil and provide a nutritive indicator value of the sampling sites. Highest possibility of soil quality issues which affects the day to day consumption of soil samples for the domestic needs of the people has been emphasized.
The research work was carried out to analyse the breeding practices followed by the goat farmers in southern districts of Tamil Nadu. Majority of the goat farmers used own farm bred male animals (38.88 per cent) for breeding purpose followed by purchased the bucks from other goat farmer’s herd (25.66 per cent). They maintained the sex ratio of male to female goats as 1:20 (37.22 per cent), 1: 25-30 (42.78 per cent), 1: 1 above 30 (20 per cent) in the study area. Chi-square revealed that there was a highly significant (P< 0.01) association was observed between sex ratio of goats in the farmers herds among districts. The age at first mating in Kanniadu, Kodi adu and non-descript breeds of goats were 10.00 ± 0.23, 10.07 ± 0.16 and 10.18 ± 0.09 months, respectively and kidding interval for the above three breeds were 7.50 ± 0.16, 7.35 ± 0.16 and 7.44 ± 0.06 months, respectively. The kidding and twinning per cent was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in non-descript goats. Triplets and quadruplets were significantly (P< 0.01) higher in Kanniadu. Lifetime use for breeding purpose was significantly higher for Kodi adu goats.Production and supply of superior male germplasm from the research institutes and organized livestock farms is helpful to maintain the breed characteristics of native goats.
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