Ethyl acrylate (EA) and n‐butyl methacrylate (n‐BMA) copolymers were prepared in solution and the composition of the copolymer samples was estimated by 1H‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. Because the characteristic signals, which vary with the composition of the copolymer, were absent, the ratio of intensities of down‐field protons to that of the total protons was used for the estimation of copolymer composition. Reactivity ratios were calculated from these values by using the Kelen‐Tudos differential linear equation.
The synthesis of casein‐g‐poly(methyl acrylate) was studied using the potassium peroxydisulfate–ascorbic acid redox system. The effect of synthetic variables has been investigated in the light of rates of conversion of monomer, graft copolymerization and homopolymerization, percent grafting, and grafting efficiency. The results are compared with the system initiated by pure potassium peroxydisulfate alone.
and B. S. THYAGARAJAN.Condensation of ethyl 2-pyridylacetate with diethyl methoxymethylmalonate yielded diethyl a-ethoxycarbonyl-a'-2-pyridylglutarate (11), but attempts to use the derived amide or triol for synthesis of cytisine were unsuccessful. Condensation of diethyl a-cyano-P-ethoxyacryIate with ethyl 2-pyridylacetate did not yield the expected glutaconic acid derivative. Condensation of ethyl 5-cyano-2-methylnicotinate with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate yielded 7 -cyan0 -3 : 9diethoxycarbonylquinolizin -4one, which on reduction of the cyano-group, decarboxylstion, hydrolysis, and re-esterscation yielded 7-aminomethyl-9-ethoxycarbonylquinolizin-4one. Reduction with lithium aluminium hydride followed by selective reduction of one ring and cyclisation afforded (-J-)-cytisine.
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