Background: Psychometric investigations of tools used in the screening of migraine including the migraine screen questionnaire (MS-Q), using an adequate statistical approach is needed. We assessed the psychometric properties of the migraine screen questionnaire (MS-Q) using categorical data methods. Material and methods: A total of 343 students at Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia, age range = 18-35 years were selected by a simple random sampling method to participate in a cross-sectional study. The respondents completed the MS-Q, a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire, and a visual analog scale for attention (VAS-A). Results: The cumulative variance rule (> 40%), the Kaiser's criteria (Eigenvalue> 1), the Scree test and, the parallel analysis (minimum rank) identified a 1-factor model for the MS-Q with the factor loadings in the range of 0.78 to 0.84. Fit indices favored a 1-factor model of the MS-Q as indicated by comparative fit index (0.993), weighted root mean square residual (0.048), root mean square error of approximation (0.067), the goodness of fit index (1.00), and non-normed fit index (0.987). The values of the Factor Determinacy Index (0.953), marginal reliability (0.909), H-latent (0.909), H-observed (0.727), explained common variance (0.906) and the mean item residual absolute loadings (0.225) further complimented finding of the 1-Factor model. McDonald's Omega (0.903) suggested adequate internal consistency. Discriminative validity was supported by significantly higher scores for the total and all the MS-Q items except one among those with complaints of attention. Conclusion: The categorical methods support the psychometric validity of the MS-Q in the study population.
Background and Objective: People with substance use disorder (SUD) may be easily vulnerable to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Given the impaired lung function caused by COVID-19 may exacerbate the symptoms of patients already having preexisting opioids or central nervous system stimulants use disorder. This narrative review highlights the risks of interactions between COVID-19 and SUD. Methods: This article has systematically reviewed and collated relevant papers and articles identified through PubMed focusing on SUD and COVID-19. Results: SUD is characterized by an array of combined mental, physical, and behavioral symptoms, which is undoubtedly of great public health concern especially in the context of the recent advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The myriad of physiological changes caused by COVID-19 and SUD may be additive or synergistic on various organ functions, hence this review has highlighted potential challenges and possible outcomes because of these interactions. Systematic delineation to parse out the combined COVID-19 and SUD pathology on a given organ function is crucial. Moreover, the primary measures to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic like home confinement and lack of social support may be a significant predictor of relapse in already sober individuals, thus alternate methodologies may be needed to confine this problem. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of the intertwined epidemics interactions and proposes early measures to recognize the scope of problem at the individual level to prevent future challenges.
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