In 64 individuals with dementia (26 Alzheimer type, 34 of vascular origin and 4 other types of dementia) apolipoprotein E genotype was identified. Frequency of ε4 allele was 36.5% in Alzheimer patients and 32.4% in vascular dementia ones. In a group of 39 nondemented individuals of the same age the ε4 frequency was 11.5%. In demented patients, carriers of ε4, a tendency to higher plasma levels of atherogenic lipids (total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) as compared with noncarriers was observed. It is possible that the ε4 form may aggravate the course of dementia through a moderate influence on the atherogenic lipoprotein level. The results showed that both Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia shared the same risk factors which is consistent with current opinion about a link existing between these two types of dementia.
Objective: The aim of this paper is to trace evolution of mental health system in Poland.
Method: Available Polish literature and fundamental policy documents including mental health legislation are reviewed and major milestones in this evolution identified and then discussed against the background of political and social developments.
Results: The mental health system evolved since the beginning of the 1970s from large hospitals towards community‐based care. It was found that the changes were rather slow due to financial shortages and lack of clear demand from users. Recent transitions offer opportunities to increase impact of users and their families. On the other hand, however, introduction of health insurance system reduces prospects for well co‐ordinated mental health policy and may lead to inequalities in access to services.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that evolution of mental health services has been influenced by prevailing ideologies as much as by technical and professional considerations.
The increase of spelt crop area is a result of overproduction of the basic cereals and the introduction of environmentally-friendly cultivation methods. Due to high interest in healthy lifestyle, healthy food and intensive development of organic agriculture, it was necessary to thoroughly examine the newly-formed cereal strains in order to register the best ones as varieties in the future. The experimental factors included: two weed control methods (mechanical and chemical), two sizes of sowing rate (300 and 500 seeds m-2) and the strains of spelt: three new breeding strains (STH 28-4609, STH 28-4614, STH 28-4619) and Oberkulmer Rotkorn cv. The research did not show protein diversity depending on a genotype, mean protein content reached 13% in grain dry mass. The plants weeded mechanically showed significantly highest crude fat content (2% DM). Mean value of crude fibre for all plants equalled 3.3% DM. The increase of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin fractions was directly proportional to the increase in crude fibre content, which is beneficial for civilisation diseases prophylaxis. The studied agronomic factors did not significantly influence the essential amino acids content or total amino acids. The harrowed plants had grain with significantly increased nutrient content (crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ADF, cellulose, sulphur amino acids, leucine, and sum of essential amino acids) which is very important for organic farming.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.