Background: In India unplanned pregnancy and illegal abortions still remains a problem. Unintended early pregnancy and frequent childbearing contribute to high pregnancy related morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by use of suitable contraceptives. In circumstances where women are unable to exercise sexual and reproductive decision making, introduction of emergency contraceptive pills may provide important back up option to enable women to control their fertility.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August- October 2016 among 215 married women of reproductive age group attending the Urban Health Center, Berhampur, to study the awareness about most common methods of contraception, decision-making regarding contraceptive and knowledge and practice of emergency contraceptive pills.Results: This study concludes that most commonly used method was Oral contraceptive pills (28.3%) and major source of information regarding different methods of contraception were through friends and relatives (44.6%). Awareness about emergency contraception mostly came through television. Of those aware of ECPs (14.4%) only 16.1% had used it in their lifetime.Conclusions: Although there is awareness about contraceptives methods, knowledge and practice of emergency contraception is low.
Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a public health challenge in the developing Nations. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is still more challenging. EPTB with co-infection with human deficiencies virus (HIV) and malnutrition further aggravate the problems, the worst human health scenario in 3rd world’s nation. The objective of the study was to explore the magnitude of Extra tuberculosis and to assess the challenge faced in encountering the patient with malnutrition, HIV infection etc.Method: All cases of tuberculosis registered under RNTCP in between 2009 - 2012 in MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India were scrutinized, 2596 case of EPTB were fished out. Details clinical, socio-economic, demographic, HIV status & treatment outcome of these patients were subjected to critical analysis.Results: Even though high prevalence of EPTB is encounter in poor socio-economic, rural back ground and people living with HIV and AIDS, upper and middle classes are not exempted complexities of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are more often then not observed. Outcome is grim in immune weakened cases.Conclusion: This study emphasized the resurgence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis involving all classes of people in Indian sub-continent. Challenges faced are delineated and determinant of clinical outcome in developing Nations have been highlighted.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2015; 12(1), Page: 20-24
Rhizoctonia solani is a very common soil borne pathogen with a great diversity of host plants. A 52 year old lady presented with sole manifestation of subcutaneous swelling over the left leg for 3 months Pus was collected by aspiration revealed septate fungal hyphae. After culture on SDA at 25 C showed white cottony growth initially, progressed to buff colored to black colonies on further incubation. On LPCB mount we found septate hyphae with acute and right angled branching without any conidia and hyphal anastomosis which resembled features of Rhizoctonia solani. Patient was put on Fluconazole and responded well to the treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.15060 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.228-230
Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the most cost-effective child survival public health measure which are more affordable and accessible to community in preventing diseases. Government of India has undertaken several initiatives to strengthen maternal and child health services in the country and child immunisation being an important part of child healthcare system in India. The National Immunization Programme has taken many initiatives since its inception as Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1978. In recent years, there has been introduction of various newer vaccines. Introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in selected states in year 2017 and plan to scale up in the entire country is the newest change in National Immunization Schedule. This review aims to identify various articles related to pneumococcal infection and vaccine highlighting the burden, serotypic distribution, available vaccines, evidence regarding vaccine safety, efficacy, acceptability and cost effectiveness, in order to provide sufficient understanding on the demand and need of this vaccine in India. Important factors underpinned by this article are though there is a need of vaccination due to severe form of pneumococcal infections and antibiotic resistance due to which many developed countries have included PCV in their regular immunisation programmes, however studies regarding effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines in developing countries like India, data regarding the burden of pneumococcal infections are not available. Also there are limited studies investigating the bacterial and viral etiology of Community Acquired Pneumonia and lack of data to show change in the serotype prevalence overtime. This review highlights the need of more research to provide substantial clinical and epidemiological evidence for the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine.
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