The article is devoted to increasing the efficiency of the process of vibro-pneumatic separation of grain and seeds by the intensification of the separation process under the additional influence on the grain layer of directive forces on particles. Through mechanical-mathematical and simulation models of particle movement in a grain layer and on a sieve surface, taking into account the separators of grain material, the layer dynamics of the mixture as well as the individual particle movement in the layer and their relationship with the constructive-kinematic and regime parameters of the vibro-pneumatic separation process have been identified.
In the article the analysis of existing designs of flat-row separators is carried out. Hypotheses are put forward, which allow to eliminate existing disadvantages of constructions. Their essence is reduced to the feeding of grain perpendicular to the direction of air flow. This is provided by the slope of the walls of the aspiration canal at an angle close to 45°, so that the aspiration channel acquires the shape of a truncated hollow cone, coaxially inside a scattered installed, in the form of a truncated cone, which is turned with a larger base upward. The equation of regression of efficiency and clarity of the process of pneumatic separation from the regime parameters of the aspiration chamber is obtained. The regression equation of the purification and precipitation of light impurities has been obtained by an improved aspiration chamber.
The article examines the study of the separation of grain materials in pneumatic channels with an artificially generated distribution of air velocity in the cross-section channel to determine the rational form and parameters of the material supply and options for grain material separation into fractions. The regularities of the weevil movement were theoretically investigated and established in the form of mathematical models of the dynamics of the movement of a solid particle in airflow, which differ from the known ones by taking into account the action of lateral forces, the concentration of the material, and the use of a power-law and an artificially formed exponential law of air distribution facilitated to increase the differences (splitting) trajectories of caryopses by 20 %. The solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations with initial conditions is performed in the Mathcad software environment in the form of trajectories of the grain in the air flow. It allows calculating their trajectories, which differ in windage coefficients and determine the rational values of the parameters of pneumo-gravity and pneumo-inertia separators. Using the obtained dependencies for the development of air separators contributes to determine the initial speed of entry and the direction of entry of the kernels into the airflow, as well as to determine the trajectories of material movement in the air channels with the bottom unloading of material.
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