Welding is one of the major processes used in the manufacturing industry. The base materials, welding consumable materials and physical and chemical phenomena, which are connected with high temperature and UV radiation, are emission source of welding fumes. The particulate solid dust and various gases are included in welding fumes. This paper addresses the experimental investigation made to study the process parameters on formation and composition of fumes during shielded Metal Arc welding (SMAW) of stainless steel. The process variables include electrode diameter and welding current. It was observed that, the welding current and electrode diameter have a positive effect on the fume formation that is, increase in welding current and electrode diameter caused an increase in the concentration. All the metallic constituents attached to it also exhibited the same behavior.
Exposure to welding fumes and its related hazards has always been a matter of serious concern. The mass and composition of fumes from welding depends on several factors. A detailed knowledge of these factors is necessary for understanding the mechanism of fume formation and developing suitable control strategies. This paper gives a literature overview on the various factors affecting welding fumes and strategies for controlling it. The paper focus on types of welding process like Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) or Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW), Gas and Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). The research in the area of controlling fumes at the source has grown rapidly recently. Still, effective methods have hardly been explored. Improving arc stability by addition of materials with low ionization potential to the welding electrode lead to promising new research directions.
PVC insulation has extensively been used for insulating low voltage electrical cables. They offer superior insulating properties but how ageing and exposure could affect their insulation properties is a matter of concern. Chemical exposure related failure modes are known but have received only limited study. The traditional testing methods like insulation testing could only test whether the present properties are satisfactory. The application of thermal analysis methods like differential scanning calorimetry could identify the variation in thermal characteristics with respect to ageing and chemical exposure. Polluted environments may cause a direct attack upon a polymer. It has been concluded that significant changes in the behavior of insulation occurs in acidic environment that may lead to insulation failures.
Now a day biodiesel becomes best alternative for diesel fuel. Thermogravimetry technique has great acceptance in the field of fossil fuel. The thermal and kinetics properties of diesel and Jatropha biodiesel are analyzed by using popular technique of thermogravimetry. The aim is to study the behavior of diesel, biodiesel and their blends in Nitrogen gas atmosphere at the heating rate of 5K/min, 10K/min and 15K/min from 30°C to 600°C. From study it is found that as heating rate increases peak is shifting toward higher value which shows that there is less uniform heating. The study clearly shows biodiesel is more stable than diesel indicating that transesterification make sample less stable. The Arrehenius Kinetic model is applied to study the activation energy. As percentage of biodiesel increases, stability of sample increases and hence increases in activation energy
Emission of toxic substances is the major occupational and environmental problem associated with this process. These emissions may cause adverse health effects to the operators and has the direct impact on the environment. The present investigation was conducted to study together the environmental and machining aspects of EDM process. The work aims to investigate the emission and machining parameters in EDM process using different workpiece material viz; like aluminum, mild steel and AISI-D3 tool steel with EDM 30 as a dielectric fluid and brass as a electrode. The results showed that the aluminium workpiece material gave a higher emission rate and MRR compared with mild steel and AISI D3 tool steel due to the low melting and boiling temperature. Among the process parameters, peak current and pulse duration was found to strongly affect the emission and performance aspects.
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