Relationship among organizational commitment, self-efficacy and perceived psychological barriers to technological change was studied in a sample of 167 male managers selected from Tata Engineering and Locomotive company, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Allen and Meyer (1990), Generalized Perceived Self-efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995), Questionnaire to measure Psychological Barriers to Technological Change by Ghani and Sugumar (1999) were the tools. Results revealed that organizational commitment is positively related with age, length of service in present cadre and self-efficacy and negatively with psychological barriers to technological change. Psychological barriers to technological change were found to be positively related with age, length of service in present cadre and negatively with self-efficacy. Negative correlation coefficients were found between self-efficacy and age and also between self-efficacy and length of service in present cadre. Multiple regression analysis was done to see the relative contribution of different variables.
The study was an investigation of the effects of density and personal space on simple and complex task performance and on feelings of crowding on 60 female Hindu students in India. A 2 x 2 design was used. Density was manipulated by varying the number of subjects in a fixed room space (social density), and the stop-distance technique was used to measure personal space. Results revealed that complex task performance was adversely affected by a high-density condition and by the personal space of the subjects, leading to a significant interaction effect of the two variables, but no significant main or interaction effect was found for the simple task performance. The subjects with "far" personal space under the high-density condition evaluated the environment of the experimental room as most crowded, more than any other subject did.
The authors examined the effects of social support and self-control in a representative sample of 300 older adults in high-density households in an urban area of Agra City, India. The authors administered the Social Support Questionnaire (I. G. Sarason, H. M. Levine, R. B. Basham, & B. R. Sarason, 1983) and the Self-Control Schedule (M. Rosenbaum, 1980) to form a 2 (age group: young-old vs. old-old) x 2 (social support: high vs. low) x 2 (self-control: high vs. low) factorial design. Scores on the Life Attitude Profile (G. T. Recker & E. J. Peacock, 1981) and the Perceived Control Scale (P. Nayyar, 1993) were the dependent variables. The authors hypothesized that social support and self-control would act as moderators for a more positive attitude toward life and increased perceived control. The results supported the predictions: Social support and self-control in interaction with age reduced the crowding stress of high density and enhanced the older participants' perceived control and positive attitudes toward life.
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