We show that when polystyrene is exposed (for 15-60 sec) to a UV laser light beam (λ = 248 nm), its absorption and luminescent properties change significantly. In the irradiated polymer, optical centers are formed with absorption bands in the 280-460 nm region and fluorescence bands in the 330-520 nm region. We have established the chemical structure of the optical centers for fluorescence of polystyrene.
We have established that exposure of polystyrene-based scintillator samples to UV laser radiation (248 nm) leads to a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity. We have carried out a spectral analysis of the luminescent and absorption properties of the scintillator, which allowed us to determine the major factor in the decrease in luminescence intensity of the samples exposed to UV radiation. We propose a new hypothesis for the mechanism of the processes leading to the decrease in light output of the scintillator during operation.
Introduction.A plastic scintillator is a composite consisting of an optically transparent plastic and added luminophores. A plastic scintillator displays bright luminescence when exposed to ionizing radiation and is rather stable relative to such exposure. Scintillators are made from such composites in the form of optical fibers, films, and plates with large surface area, and also bulk blocks of any size or shape, which significantly expands the possibilities for their application. The advantage of plastic scintillators is their fast response (the radioluminescence lifetime ranges from fractions of a nanosecond to several nanoseconds). They are used for radiation detection and dosimetry.The most widely used plastic scintillators are based on polystyrene with added luminophores: p-terphenyl (p-TP) and 1,4-bis(2-(5-phenyloxazolyl))benzene (POPOP). Polystyrene plastic is the most radiation resistant among the known synthetic polymers [1]; it has high transparency over a broad spectral range (λ > 290 nm). However, we should point out that the indicated characteristic is seen only in the very pure polymer. Commercial polystyrene contains impurities and structural defects absorbing in the 290-400 nm region [2][3][4].A general disadvantage of plastic scintillators is gradual loss of scintillation efficiency during operation. As the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation increases, the light output of the scintillator decreases. As the characteristic for radiation resistance, we take the value of the absorbed dose D 1/2 at which the light output is half of the initial value. For polystyrene scintillators, D 1/2 ≈ 600 kGy [3].The radiation-induced physicochemical changes leading to a decrease in the light output of a plastic scintillator have been the subject of many studies [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Special attention has been focused on the loss of transparency in the plastic. It has been established that this is due to the appearance of "induced" absorption bands that are relatively intense in the 300-400 nm region and low-intensity in the visible region. The bands that appeared were assigned to macroradicals formed on exposure to radiation, some of which proved to be short-lived while others were rather stable. These data provided the basis for established ideas about the reasons for radiation-induced wear in plastic scintillators. We should point out that in some papers (see, for example, [9]), bands were seen which could not be attributed to radicals, and they were assigned to unident...
The X ray degree of crystallinity, χ, and the density, ρ, of suspension polymerized polytetrafluo roethylene after its irradiation above the melting temperature of the crystalline phase are studied. A compar ison of dose dependences of χ and ρ makes it possible to infer that pores occur in the initial polytetrafluoro ethylene and that porosity substantially decreases during irradiation. The time of pore contraction in polytet rafluoroethylene after its radiation modification above the meting temperature is estimated with respect to the order of the magnitude. This estimate is based on the consideration of viscous flow under the action of sur face tension forces.
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