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Experimental identification of the lateral humanstructure interaction mechanism and assessment of the inverted-pendulum biomechanical model. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 333 (22 A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Experimental identification of the lateral human-structure interaction mechanism and assessment of the inverted-pendulum biomechanical model. AbstractWithin the context of crowd-induced lateral bridge vibration, human-structure interaction (HSI) is a widely studied phenomenon. Central to this study is the self-excited component of the ground reaction force (GRF). This force harmonic, induced by a walking pedestrian, resonates with lateral deck motion, irrespective of the pedestrian's pacing frequency. Its presence can lead to positive feedback between pedestrian GRFs and structural motion. Characterisation of the self-excited force as equivalent structural mass and damping has greatly improved the understanding HSI and its role in developing lateral dynamic instability. However, despite this evolving understanding, a key question has remained unanswered; what are the features of a pedestrian's balance response to base motion that give rise to the self-excited force? The majority of the literature has focused on the effects of HSI with the underlying mechanism receiving comparatively little attention. This paper presents data from experimental testing in which 10 subjects walked individually on a laterally oscillating treadmill. Lateral deck motion as well as the GRFs imposed by the subject were recorded. Three-dimensional motion capture equipment was used to track the position of visual markers mounted on the subject. Thus whole body response to base motion was captured in addition to the GRFs generated. The data presented herein supports the authors' previous findings that the self-excited force is a frequency sideband harmonic resulting from amplitude modulation of the lateral GRF. The gait behaviour responsible for this amplitude modulation is a periodic modulation of stride width in response to a sinusoidally varying inertia force induced by deck motion. In a separate analysis the validity of the passive inverted pendulum model, stabilised by active control of support placement was confirmed. This was established through comparison of simulated and observed frontal plane CoM motion. Despite the relative simplicity of this biomechanical model, remarkable agreement was observed.

Westwater-Wood j , Ian Wellwood k on behalf of the James Lind Alliance (JLA) Physiotherapy Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) Steering Group

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Background: A study of police wearing body worn cameras showed a reduction in complaints, and a decrease in occurrences and crimes. Mental health staff working in inpatient settings do not routinely wear cameras. The aim of this project was to examine the feasibility of using body worn cameras in an inpatient mental health setting.Method: Calla supplied 12 Reveal cameras which were worn by the Prevention and Management of Violence and Aggression team and nursing staff on five psychiatric inpatient wards in Northampton and England following training. Results:The training provided prepared staff to use the cameras effectively. There were very few technical issues with the body worn cameras though some refinement to the harness is required to improve comfort. Both staff and patients considered that their use in an inpatient mental health setting was beneficial. Compared to the same period the year before, there was a reduction in complaints and incidents during the duration of the pilot. The cost of equipment was £7,649 and storage of footage for three months was £569. Other costs were for staff time, 48.5 hours to set up and seven hours per week to maintain. Conclusion:We have demonstrated that it is feasible to employ body worn cameras in an inpatient mental health setting. Their use is acceptable to both patients and staff. Costs could be offset by the reduction in complaints, incidents and restraints, but further research is required to support this.

Background Attitudes, knowledge and understanding may predispose practitioner adherence to clinical guidelines for chronic pain. To date there is no data exploring this in adult, mental health and paediatric nursing, or occupational therapy, podiatry and physiotherapy student healthcare professionals at the same institution. MethodsWe approached 1383 students enrolled on pre-registration healthcare programmes at a Scottish University, using the Healthcare Practitioners Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) and Pain Knowledge and Understanding Confidence Questionnaire (PUnCQ).Results: Three hundred and forty-six students completed the survey (response rate 25%).There was a significant effect of degree discipline on HC-PAIRS and PUnCQ with a moderate effect size of ηp 2 = .212 and ηp 2 = .204, respectively. Postgraduate pre-registration physiotherapy students had more positive attitudes toward function with pain, M(SD) HC-PAIRS score=49.6(8.9) CI 95% = 46.5 -52.8, and greater confidence toward management of chronic pain M(SD)= 6.3 CI 95% = 5.9 -6.8 compared to the other disciplines surveyed.Undergraduate physiotherapy and mental health nursing also displayed significantly more positive attitudes M(SD) = 55.2 (10.2), CI 95% 53. 3 -57.2, and 62.6 (7.6), 60.1 -65.2, respectively. Conclusions: Physiotherapy students have more biopsychosocial-orientated attitudes, and higher confidence toward the management of people in pain than the other disciplines surveyed. Despite similar levels of knowledge and understanding of pain.