The article presents the influence of soil pH on the concentration of metals present in bee products, namely, in bee bread and honey. The pH of the soils of the territories of private apiaries in the Birsk, Burayevo, Karaidel districts and the content of heavy metals in soil, bee bread and honey were determined. It is noted that the soil of the apiary of the Birsk district is slightly alkaline. Lead and arsenic accumulate most of all in it. The soil of apiaries in Burayevo and Karaidel districts is alkaline. Copper and arsenic accumulate most of all in them. It is noticed that bee products accumulate in themselves heavy metals. Their greatest accumulation is observed in bee bread.
The paper presents the results of the qualitative and quantitative determination of some anthocyanins (in particular, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-galactoside) in the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) and Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. The reaction of extracting water-soluble dyes on the solution medium is also presented. The method of direct spectrophotometry was used. All calculations are made in the program STATISTICA 6. It is determined that the maximum content of anthocyanins is typical for fruit chokeberry Aronia. The possibility of using natural dye from chokeberry fruits in the industry is shown.
The aim of this work is to teach students to determine the stability of small lakes in relation to acidification processes by calculating the buffer capacity of water. A decrease in the pH of natural waters is caused by the influx of acid-forming oxides of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere and water bodies. An increase in the acidity of water bodies has extremely negative consequences, contributes to the leaching of heavy metals, changes the ionic composition of water, and reduces the ability of natural water bodies to heal themselves. Low salinity waters of small lakes in the northern regions are especially vulnerable to acidification processes. The indicators of acid-neutralizing ability, the content of hydrocarbons, the value of the buffer capacity of natural waters are used as criteria for the stability of natural waters. To calculate the buffer capacity, the following indicators of the chemical composition of waters were used in this work: hydrogen index (pH), the content of organic (Corg) and mineral (Cmin) forms of carbon. Concentrations of conjugated forms of components of natural acid-base systems are calculated based on the concept of acid-base equilibrium in solutions of carbonic acid and humic acids.
The content of selenium and antagonist elements (Cu, As, Zn, Cd, Pb) in natural milk and products of its processing (cottage cheese and cream) in different seasons of the year is determined. It is noted that the greatest amount of selenium and antagonist elements in natural milk is contained in the summer (in the pasture period). The concentration of antagonist elements in milk processing products (cream and curd) is proportional to their content in the milk from which they are made. The content of antagonist elements in curd is much higher than in cream. This indicates that the elements are mainly associated with the protein part of milk.
The article deals with the content of petroleum products in the soil. Currently, the problem of soil contamination by oil products is relevant in connection with the development of industry. Bashkortostan is an oil-producing region. The content of petroleum products in the soil was determined by the fluorimetric method. The studied soil belongs to the low-polluted one.
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