The purpose of this study was to investigate the fetal circulatory responses during maternal hemorrhage. Five pregnant goats with fetuses with a mean gestational age of 132 +/- 2 days were used. The maternal blood was withdrawn at 350 ml/h for 2 hours (e.g. 700 ml, 11.9 ml/kg maternal weight) and reinfused at the same speed. During maternal bleeding, maternal arterial pressure (MAP) gradually decreased. As a result of this maternal hypotension, fetal arterial pO2 and pH decreased, and PCO2 increased. After the reinfusion, fetal pO2 recovered but pH and PCO2 did not recover. Fetal arterial pressure (FAP) increased and heart rate (FHR) decreased during maternal bleeding and returned to the control level, after the reinfusion. Fetal arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration increased to 401.2 +/- 318.5 pg/ml at the maximum bleeding. There were significant positive correlation between AVP concentration and FAP, and negative correlation between AVP and FHR during maternal bleeding. Therefore, we concluded that 700 ml maternal bleeding for 2 hours resulted the decrease in fetal pH, pO2, and FHR, and increase in PCO2, FAP, and AVP concentration. Fetal pH, PCO2, and AVP did not return to the control level in spite of reinfusion.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high amniotic fluid pressure (AFP) created by amnioinfusion on fetal circulation. Five pregnant goats whose fetuses had a mean gestational age of 131 +/- 2 days (term 145 days) were used. After a 30 minute control period, 1500 ml of warm saline was infused to the amniotic cavity over a period of 30 minutes. The AFP gradually increased during amnioinfusion and remained 2-3 mmHg above the control level for 3 hours after amnioinfusion. Fetal arterial pH (FpH) tended to decrease, and there was a significant negative correlation between the FpH and AFP (r = -0.723). Fetal arterial pO2 also tended to decrease and negatively correlated to the AFP (r = -0.59). On the other hand, fetal arterial pCO2 tended to increase and positively correlated with the AFP (r = 0.75). Although amnioinfusion is useful for improving the status of a distressed fetus, the fetal condition may be jeopardized at the same time. Therefore, careful monitoring of the AFP and fetal status is recommended during amnioinfusion.
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