Using instanton effects, we discuss the problem of fermion mass hierarchies in an MSSM-like Type IIA orientifolded model with U(3) × Sp(1) × U(1) × U(1) gauge symmetry obtained from intersecting D6-branes. In the corresponding four-stack quiver, the different scales of the generated superpotential couplings offer a partial solution to fermion mass hierarchies. Using the known data with neutrino masses τ < ∼ 2 eV, we give the magnitudes of the relevant scales.
We consider E 6 GUT model in F-theory approach where E 6 is broken via trinification to the Standard Model (SM) gauge group using non-abelian fluxes. Including the gauge singlet wave function we found hierarchically small values for both the μ term as well as Dirac neutrino masses.
Given the important role of discrete gauge symmetries in viable models, we discuss these symmetries in intersecting D6-brane trinification model where the ZN symmetry is investigated and its identification is shown.
Using instanton effects, we consider a 𝑈 (3) C × 𝑈 (3) L × 𝑈 (3) R gauge symmetry obtained from intersecting D6branes. This is equivalent to the trinification model extended by the three 𝑈 (1) factors that survive as global symmetries in the low energy effective model. In the corresponding three-stack, the fermion masses are induced by the possible stringy corrections to the corresponding superpotential by using E2-instantons. Using the known data with neutrino masses 𝑚𝑣 𝜏 ∼ 1 eV, we show the magnitudes of the relevant scales.
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