Recent experimental and theoretical studies on muon-catalyzed fusion in a mixture of three gases, D-T-H, have shown that the muon-cycling-rate changes obtained are mostly in contradiction with each other and depend strongly on the physical conditions of the system. In this paper, we have considered the muon-cycling rate and its relevant nonlinear dynamical equations for mixtures of D-T and D-T-H in practical conditions where the muon-cycling rate is temperature; density of the mixture; and relative-particle concentration (deuterium, tritium, and hydrogen) dependent. Our theoretical method has shown that addition of protium to a D-T mixture leads to a significant decrease in the cycling rate, namely, by a factor of more than 15 in the liquid mixture and more than three in the gaseous mixture at 300-600 K. We show that the results obtained for given experimental conditions are in very good agreement with recent experimental values of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. The given reliable theoretical method leads us to determine the optimal condition of the muon-cycling rate such as relative-particle concentration in the resonance-temperature range at liquid hydrogen density, = 1. It is shown that for a deuterium and tritium relative concentration of C d = C t = 0.45 with C p = 0.1 and ω s = 0.0029, a muon-cycling rate of 199 in the dtµ branch at 800 K is achievable, which compared to the D-T system in optimal conditions, still has a 29% enhancement. Finally, by energy-gain evaluation of resonance-muon-catalyzed fusion, we show that even this key step in high-yield µCF is far, far away from sufficiently minimal values to be of interest for practical applications of such a system. PACS No.: 25.30MRésumé : De récents résultats théoriques et expérimentaux sur la fusion avec catalyse muonique dans des mélanges des trois gaz, D-T-H, ont montré que les changements dans les taux du cycle (de recyclage) des muons sont en contradiction, avec une forte dépendance sur les conditions physiques du système. Ici, nous étudions le taux de recyclage du muon avec ses équations dynamiques non linéaires pertinentes pour des mélanges D-T et D-T-H, sous des conditions réalistes où le taux est fonction de la température, de la densité et des concentrations relatives (de H, D et T). Notre méthode théorique montre que l'addition du protium au mélange D-T cause une décroissance significative du taux de recyclage, plus précisément, par un facteur de 15 et plus dans le mélange liquide et de plus de 3 dans le mélange gazeux à 300-600 K. Nous montrons que les résultats obtenus pour les paramètres expérimentaux choisis sont en bon accord avec les résultats d'expériences récentes au JINR. Les résultats théoriques les plus fiables nous suggèrent les conditions optimales, sur les densités relatives par exemple, pour le recyclage des muons dans le domaine de la température de résonance et pour une densité égale à celle de l'hydrogène liquide, = 1. Nous montrons qu'avec les concentrations relatives C d = C t = 0,45 et C p = 0,1 et avec ω s ...
Abstract-In this paper a new laser fusion by using PW laser is discussed for D +3 He reaction by considering its benefits. The feasibility of a new approach of laser fusion in plasma without implosion has been proposed and is discussed using an intense laser. The cross section of the nuclear reaction is increased by enhancing the penetrability of nuclei through the Coulomb barrier. In this approach, an intense laser field of more than 100 PW was required to distort the Coulomb barrier to obtain enough penetrability .In the present paper we have calculated the penetrability of nuclei and the formation factor by using available relations.
Abstract-A method for determination of optimum muon cycling coefficient and energy gain in the HT mixture with very low tritium concentration is proposed. The kinetics of the mu-atomic and mu-molecular processes preceding the pt reaction in the ptµ molecule is described. The time variations of γ quanta and conversion muons and the other particles formation in nuclear fusion reactions in ptµ molecules are studied. Our calculations show that, the optimum value of muon cycling coefficient at C t =0.01 is equal to 106. In this paper our obtained results from theoretical calculations and experimental results are compared with together and we can receive that the obtained results are in good agreement with measured values.
Abstract-ITER is based on the 'tokamak' concept of magnetic confinement, in which plasma is contained in a doughnut-shaped vacuum vessel. The fuel -a mixture of deuterium and tritium, two isotopes of hydrogen -is heated to temperatures in excess of 150 million °C, forming hot plasma. Strong magnetic fields are used to keep the plasma away from the walls; these are produced by superconducting coils surrounding the vessel, and by an electrical current driven through the plasma. ITER is the next generation of experimental fusion device and it is hoped it will point the way to fusion as a sustainable energy source for the future. To exploit the full potential of the device and to guarantee optimal operation, a high degree of physics modeling and simulation is needed. In addition, the possibility of higher Q operation will be explored if favorable confinement conditions can be achieved. In this work, perturbation state is called the difference between dynamical and steady state. So, we study on the variations of dynamical system respect to steady state for two fusion fuels DT and D-3He. Our studies show that, the maximum fusion gain that is accessible for D-T is about 23 at t= 50s and for D-3 He 25 at t=250s.
The main goal of this paper is calculation of deposited energy and as a result evaluation of stopping range of the ionic beams of carbon, deuteron and proton. The deposited energy is the function of two parameters: (a) beam energy and (b) electron temperature. Also the stopping range depends on the temperature, ionic beam energy and density of fuel pellet. Our calculations show that with decreasing the stopping range of particle, the deposited energy is enhanced. In the same temperature and fuel density, carbon has less stopping range and more deposited energy but higher energy is needed to accelerate the beam , this causes carbon has less energy than others. However, deuteron has more stopping range and deposited energy in comparison with carbon also it has better beam gain in comparison with carbon. Stopping range and proton beam gain respect to the other fuels is placed in lower level , but the low threshold intensity to accelerate it, cause it obtain the high gain. The optimum beam gain of the proton is 150 while it is 75 for deuteron and 1 for carbon. The fuel geometry must be considered for more studies in order to increase the beam gain.
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