The effect of aqueous spray of cobalt nitrate, silver nitrate or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on fruit retention in mango (Mangifera indica L.) was investigated at Tando Jam, Pakistan. The chemicals were applied to immature fruits at pea size (5-6 mm) and again 2 weeks later when the fruitlets had developed to marble size (10-15 mm). Three cultivars, Sindhri, Langra (3 seasons) and Dasehari (4 seasons), were tested and it was observed that all concentrations of the chemicals significantly (P<0.05) increased fruit retention. In Sindhri, cobalt nitrate, silver nitrate and NAA treatments increased yields by 106-165%, 89-146% and 94-115%, respectively, and in Langra by 100-135%, 98-138% and 95-118%. Whole tree sprays of cv. Dasehari with Co(NO3)2 at 100 mg/L, AgNO3 at 100 mg/L, and NAA at 20 mg/L yielded 129%, 66% and 54% more fruit than the control.
The present study analyzed the predictive association of family structure and emotional intelligence, family structure wise difference and gender difference in emotional intelligence of adolescents. After literature review following hypotheses were formulated: (1) Family structure will predict the emotional intelligence of the participants; (2) There will be a significant difference in the emotional intelligence of the participants from joint and nuclear families; (3) There would be gender difference in emotional intelligence. A sample comprising 400 adolescents, (200 belonging to joint and 200 to nuclear families) with mean age 14.49 (SD=+1.29) was drawn from various schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Consent form, demographic form, and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire for Adolescents (TEIQue-ASF) (Petrides et al, 2006) were administered. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and t-test were calculated. Results indicate that family structure does not predict emotional intelligence while the mean scores difference of emotional intelligence of participants belonging to nuclear or joint families was insignificant. However, the research found gender differences in emotional intelligence.
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