We report on the development and deployment of 11.3 tons of 0.1% Gd loaded liquid scintillator used in the Palo Verde reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. We discuss the chemical composition, properties, and stability of the scintillator elaborating on the details of the scintillator preparation crucial for obtaining a good scintillator quality and stability.
A complete four channel acquisition system for high resolution
spectroscopy has been designed and realized. The analog
section is composed of four semi-Gaussian shaping amplifiers with
two software-selectable shaping times. The shaping times (150 and
450 ns) were chosen to perform either high rate or best resolution
XRF measurements with state-of-the-art multielement silicon
drift detector. The pulses’ amplitudes are caught by four largebandwidth
peak-stretchers whose outputs are multiplexed into a
single 10 MHz 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A fieldprogrammable
gate array (FPGA) operating at 24 MHz (or 48
MHz) clock frequency controls the whole process and stores the
four spectra in the on-chip RAM, thus guaranteeing a maximum
counting rate per bin of 332 kcps and an overall counting rate in
excess of 4 Mcps. The system interfaces the host PC by means of
the enhanced parallel port with a custom made control software for
data visualization and analysis as in a conventional MCA system.
If more than four channels have to be managed, various boards can
be operated in parallel on the same EPP bus
Bilateral renal artery occlusion caused by malposition of a stent-graft is probably underreported. If revascularization of the kidneys by endovascular techniques fails, there is no consensus as to the optimal approach. Delayed revascularization should be considered if the kidneys show concentration of imaging contrast. Hepato-spleno-renal bypass, which has not heretofore been indicated for renal salvage post EVAR, can provide a good functional result in this situation.
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