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Core Ideas Drip irrigation improved the aerobic rice yield and water savings by 29 and 50%, respectively. The subsurface drip laid out at 0.8 m lateral distance with 1.0 L per hour dripper discharge irrigation system performed better in rice growth, physiology, and yield. Drip irrigation favored the root oxidizing power, canopy photosynthesis, and dry matter partitioning. There is a twofold increase in water productivity of aerobic rice under drip irrigation system. The use of drip irrigation in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is a contemporary water‐saving strategy. However, inadequate evidence is available related to consequential changes in water productivity on rice yield. The effects of distinctive drip irrigation treatments, namely differences in lateral distances (0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m), dripper discharge rates (0.6 and 1.0 L per hour, Lph), irrigation methods (surface and subsurface), and the conventional aerobic rice production system (control) on, physiology and water productivity of rice were studied during the summer of 2012 and 2013. Grain yield significantly increased in the subsurface drip irrigation method laid out at 0.8 m lateral distance and in 1.0 Lph discharge rate (5389 kg ha−1) compared with control irrigation method (4181 kg ha−1). This treatment mounts up dry matter partitioning, leaf photosynthesis as well as root oxidizing power. In addition, drip irrigation in aerobic rice production system had twice the water productivity and stimulates longer roots with higher density compared with control irrigation method. The subsurface drip irrigation system with drippers/laterals of 0.8‐m distance with flow rate 1.0 Lph, in aerobic rice production system is a cost‐effective method and had the potential to save water (27.0%) without compromising grain yield in comparison to control irrigation method. This could be the promising technology to be recommended for aerobic rice production system.

The effect of DL alpha-lipoic acid on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was examined. Intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) to rats resulted in decreased activity of the glycolytic enzymes-hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. The two gluconeogenic enzymes--glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, the transmembrane enzymes namely the Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and the brushborder enzyme alkaline phosphatase, also showed decreased activities. This decrease in the activities of ATPases and alkaline phosphatase suggests basolateral and brush border membrane damage. Decreased activity of the TCA cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), suggests a loss in mitochondrial integrity. These biochemical disturbances were effectively counteracted by lipoic acid administration. Lipoic acid administration by gastric intubation at two different concentrations (10 mg and 25 mg/kg/day) brought about an increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzymes, ATPases and the TCA cycle enzymes. The gluconeogenic enzymes however showed a further decrease in their activities at both the concentrations of lipoic acid administered. These observations shed light on the nephroprotective action of lipoic acid against experimental aminoglycoside toxicity and the protection afforded at 25 mg/kg/day of lipoic acid was noted to be higher than that at 10 mg level.

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