Responses of seed germination to salinity were examined using 37 species collected from salt marshes, cliffs, and fore (unstable) and hind (stable) sand dunes along Japanese coasts. For comparison, seed germination of nine inland species was also examined. The soil salinities in salt marshes ranged from 150 to 300 mmol/L NaC1, whereas those in fore and hind dunes ranged from 0 to 50 mmol/L NaC1, with a few exceptions. Cliff soils showed relatively high salinities up to 300 mmol/L NaCI. Cliff and foredune soils that encountered a typhoon and storm showed high salinities > 300 mmol/L NaC1. Salt tolerance in seed germination of coastal plants was ordered by comparing the responses of percentage and rate of germination to salinity conditions up to 200 mmol/L NaC1, being in the order of salt marsh > cliff > foredune "" hind dune ~" iniand. These results indicate that salt tolerance in seed germination of coastal plants is dosely related to the salinity conditions of their habitats. Germination experiments under favorable conditions showed that a high percentage of the seeds of salt marsh species germinate rapidly, those of cliff species germinate slowly and those of foredune species exhibit a low percentage and low rate of germination. It seems that these germination characteristics contribute to the success of germination at the 'safe site' and the subsequent survivorship of emerged plants in their natural habitats.
An account is given detailing some aspects of the biology and economic importance of Psalydolytta pilipes Maklin in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) fields in north-west Mali. Descriptions of the triungulin larval stage, together with drawings of larval development from the first grub stage to the coarctate larval stage, are given for two Psalydolytta species, P. pilipes and P. vestita Dufour. First grub phase larvae were successfully reared through to coarctates from eggs obtained from field captured adult beetles, on egg-pods obtained from a selection of commonly occurring grasshopper species. Yield losses resulting from cage trial experiments showed that whole millet candles can be destroyed during one night's feeding at densities approaching 12 beetles per head.
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