Background Government of India is committed to eliminate measles and control rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by 2020. In 2016, CRS surveillance was established in five sentinel sites. We analyzed surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of CRS in India. Methodology/Principal findings We used case definitions adapted from the WHO-recommended standards for CRS surveillance. Suspected patients underwent complete clinical examination including cardiovascular system, ophthalmic examination and assessment for hearing impairment. Sera were tested for presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against rubella. Of the 645 suspected CRS patients enrolled during two years, 137 (21.2%) were classified as laboratory confirmed CRS and 8 (1.2%) as congenital rubella infection. The median age of laboratory confirmed CRS infants was 3 months. Common clinical features among laboratory confirmed CRS patients included structural heart defects in 108 (78.8%), one or more eye signs (cataract, glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy) in 82 (59.9%) and hearing impairment in 51. (38.6%) Thirty-three (24.1%) laboratory confirmed CRS patients died over a period of 2 years. Surveillance met the quality indicators in terms of adequacy of investigation, adequacy of sample collection for serological diagnosis as well as virological confirmation.

Pharmacovigilance has gained significant importance with increased number of drugs molecules entering the market and the increase in the number of drug recalls due to the involvement of high health risks incident. It has become a critical phase in clinical development program to improve patient care and safety in relation to the use of medicines and also all medical and paramedical interventions. It also contributes to the assessment of benefits, harm, effectiveness and risk of medicines and encouraging their safe, rational and more effective drug use. India rates below 1 % in pharmacovigilance as against the world rate of 5 %, where pharmacovigilance is a fundamental driving principle in safeguarding public health. Due to the high profile issues with drug safety have highlighted the need not only to improve post marketing pharmacovigilance but also to identify drug candidates with good safety or benefit profiles. There are many challenges and barriers in the pharmacovigilance process which are from health professional like lack of training or awareness, due to self medication from patients, counterfeit drugs etc. which could be overcome by monitoring each patient using certain drug during the treatment by follow ups and emphasize on medication reconciliation during periods of care transition, including admission and discharge and subsequent follow up in the ambulatory settings.

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Social networks are the platform for the users to get connected with other social network users based on their interest and life styles. Existing social networks have millions of users and the data generated by them are huge and it is difficult to differentiate the real users and the fake users. Hence a trust worthy system is recommended for differentiating the real and fake users. Social networking enables users to send friend requests, upload photos and tag their friends and even suggest them the web links based on the interest of the users. The friends recommended, the photos tagged and web links suggested may be a malware or an untrusted activity. Users on social networks are authorised by providing the personal data. This personal raw data is available to all other users online and there is no protection or methods to secure this data from unknown users. Hence to provide a trustworthy system and to enable real users activities a review on different methods to achieve trustworthy social networking systems are examined in this paper.

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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve, causing the successive narrowing of the visual field in affected patients due to increased intraocular pressure, which can lead the patient, at an advanced stage, to blindness without clinical reversal. As we have heard and seen from generations across that Glaucoma has been and is still one of the leading diseases that has permanent damage if untreated. As per the current research it says that 79 Million are affected BY 2020 which are untreated. So, to make it easy for us humans, early detection is one of the best way to create awareness and treat the diseased. After having gone through the majority of the literatures, have seen that when LBP is given to HOG has accurate results for better feature extraction than other methods, also application of Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, Random forest (for classifying) and Conventional Neural Network (for segmentation) have better outcome compared to the previously used hybrid algorithm methods to detected the diseased from the normal eye. So, to achieve this I will be using Matlab tool as it produces more accurate results than any other platform. In one of the paper LBP algorithm has been extensively used to obtain the desired results but when learnt about HOG, it looked as it has better properties to enhance the required results when combined along with LBP. CS is another unique method to analyze on aggregation of the image texture.

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Objectives: Influenza viruses continue to be a major health threat in both endemic and pandemic forms. The rapid, continuous, and unpredictable nature of influenza viral evolution makes vaccine strategies and pandemic planning difficult. In elderly, infants and in people with chronic diseases, influenza is associated with high mortality. As there are very limited studies relating to Influenza A H1N1 and its epidemiology in the pediatric population, this study was done to study the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients found positive for Influenza A H1N1 in pediatric population in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study done over a period of 6 months from January 2017 to June 2017. The study population included all the suspected patients tested for Influenza A H1N1 by real-time RT-PCR. Results: Total of 89 patients were tested for Influenza A H1N1 out of which 31(34.8%) were positive. The most common symptoms were fever (87.6%), cough (49.77%), sore throat (27%) and breathlessness (23.9%). Maximum cases were detected in the 0-5 years age group in that 19(61.2%) were positive, followed by 15-18 yrs in which 23(25.8%) were tested in which 9(29.03%) were positive. Influenza A H1N1 resulted in death of 3(3.3%) of the total admitted suspected H1N1 cases in our hospital. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that prevalence of Influenza A H1N1 is high in children with the age group of 0-5yrs. The age shift of severe influenza A (H1N1) towards younger children may be explained by increasing immunity in the older pediatric population.